I recently listened to a podcast in which the speaker talked about his hike to Machu Picchu. He spoke about the difficulty of the hike and the moments when his confidence wavered. “But ultimately,” he said, “I was so compelled and pulled onward by the opportunity to see such a wonder, that I was able to push through.”
That was not my experience.
Many years ago, I did the same hike (in three days instead of four due to a scheduling error). And at no time did a feel “compelled and pulled onward.” In fact, about halfway through the first day’s hike, I had a complete meltdown in the middle of a beautiful grove of flowering trees. Luckily, I was so far behind the rest of my group that only my guide saw and heard the half-hour, expletive-laden beating of walking sticks against trees as I accused him of leading us to our deaths.
A few hours later, we reached our camp and the sherpas gave me tea and popcorn as they prepared dinner. I don’t know what was in the tea, but I felt much better after a cup and was grateful that a steady supply was offered throughout the next two days.
WHY you start matters
It was not the “opportunity to see such a wonder” that put me on the path. It was FOMO (fear of missing out), knowing that my friends were going on an adventure and not wanting to miss out.
Opportunity or FOMO. One of those is at the start of every journey and steels your mindset for the work ahead. If you see opportunity, you’re optimistic, resilient, and maybe even a bit idealistic. If you’re afraid, you rush through things, missing important signals and only seeing how far behind you are.
Companies do the same thing with innovation. They see a new technology, trend, or framework appear, sense an opportunity to use it to kickstart growth and leapfrog competition, and they start building. Or they see a new business model or competitor gain share and rush to mimic their approach.
WHAT you choose along the way determines how you end
It wasn’t “knowing where my journey was going, and what the journey was all about” that kept me moving forward. It was the knowledge that, unless I planned to join one of the Indigenous communities we passed through, I had to keep going.
No matter how you start, you will face a choice – continue, stay, or turn back – and that choice determines how your journey ends. If you turn back to the old ways because the new ways failed, you’re giving up. If you stay where you are, you’re stuck somewhere between the safety of what you knew and the opportunity ahead. If you keep going, you’ll stay ahead of those you never started, turned back, or stopped AND you’ll achieve the opportunity that “compelled and pulled [you] onward.”
Companies face the same decision moment with innovation. There’s a market downturn, geopolitical uncertainty, or a major global event, so executives shut down anything that’s not mission-critical while they wait out the uncertainty. A new leader takes the helm and wants to put her mark on the organization, so she rejects the old strategies and approaches and institutes her own, ignoring the counsel of others in the organization. A new competitor suddenly finds itself embroiled in controversy or bankruptcy, and executives chuckle and shake their heads because they knew all along that the only way that works is the old way.
What do you choose?
Do you start because you see the opportunity to do better or because you’re afraid of losing out?
When you face the inevitable challenge, do you turn back to “how we’ve always done things,” take up residence where you are because it’s good enough, or do you bravely persevere?
Most importantly, when you face the challenge, do you take a break, talk and listen to the people around you, and have some tea and popcorn before you make your choice?
Image credit: Pexels
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When people like to tell stories of historic corporate missteps, the story of Xerox and the Macintosh is near the top of the list. As the tale goes, the corporate giant spent a fortune to create all the technology that the famous computer was based on, but failed to market it and let Steve Jobs steal it out from under them.
But that version leaves out important context. Yes, Xerox did create the technology. It was also true that Steve Jobs, while touring the company’s research facility, understood that he could use it to make a revolutionary consumer product. But it wasn’t a blunder. Steve Jobs was there because Xerox had invested in Apple at bargain prices, not because they were tricked in some way.
The story has deeper implications, because the myth of Xerox’s blunder influences how firms invest in technology. The truth is that Xerox’s research strategy was visionary and incredibly successful. In fact, it likely saved the company. So rather than looking at the story of Xerox and the Macintosh as a cautionary tale, we should see it as a model to replicate.
The Xerox PARC Strategy
When Peter McColough took the helm of Xerox in 1968, it was at the top of American industry. An incredibly profitable business, it had a culture devoted to technical excellence and produced the world’s best performing copiers. Over the years it also developed a great sales and service organization that built strong relationships with its customers.
But it was becoming clear that trouble was looming. Japanese competitors like Canon and Ricoh started selling simpler, cheaper copiers, based on 20-year-old technology, that were easier to use and needed less maintenance. Rather than staffing a “copy room,” companies could place these smaller, less expensive units on every floor.
Xerox was getting disrupted. It continued to innovate, but most of those efforts were going toward making its copiers better and better at things people cared less and less about. McColough saw the nascent computer industry as an opportunity and sought to control the “architecture of information.
“It was a great phrase,” someone would later say, “because no one knew exactly what it meant.” To that end, he created the Palo Alto Research Center (PARC) and located it 3000 miles from Xerox’s headquarters. He hired Bob Taylor, already considered a visionary for his work on ARPANET and told him to staff it with the best minds in the emerging field of computer science.
The Incredible Success Of The Laser Printer
It was around this time that the company hired a young engineer named Gary Starkweather. He was a guy with big ideas, but soon found he didn’t fit in well at Xerox. Part of the problem probably had to do with his background. Copiers were largely based on chemistry and Gary’s interest was optics. In particular, he was excited about lasers.
But it was more than that. Gary wanted to build something outside the copier business and the higher-ups just didn’t see how it fit in with their business. In fact, his boss actually threatened to fire anyone who worked with Starkweather on the project.
Eventually, he had enough. He marched into the Vice President’s office and asked, “Do you want me to do this for you or for someone else?” In the business culture at the time, this was considered unheard of behavior, clearly a firing offense. Yet fate intervened and destiny had something very different in store for Gary Starkweather.
As luck would have it,news of Gary’s work made it across the country to PARC, the fledgling computer lab that Xerox had recently established in California. The researchers there had developed a graphical technology called bitmapping, but had no way to print the images out until he showed up. His development of the laser printer was not only a breakthrough in its own right, but with the decline of Xerox’s copier business, it actually saved the company.
Leveraging PARC Technology
No one disputes that the number of groundbreaking technologies created at PARC was astounding. The graphical user interface, networked computing, object oriented programing, the list goes on. Virtually everything that we came to know as “personal computing” had its roots in the work done at PARC in the 1970s.
Yet Xerox never became successful in the computer industry, which is why so many question the strategy. That’s the wrong way to look at the investment, however. You wouldn’t evaluate a stock portfolio against all the companies you could have bought, but on how the portfolio performed and by that measure PARC was a magnificent investment.
Clearly, the development of the laser printer paid for the investment of PARC many times over. It also mildly profited on its shares in Apple (although not nearly as much as it could have if it held on to them longer). Xerox PARC technology also led to a number of spinoffs, including 3Com, Adobe and Synoptics, just to name a few. Xerox had shares in many of them.
Many look at these companies and see lost opportunities for Xerox, but that’s a red herring. There is no way that any company could have pursued all of those opportunities. As Henry Chesbrough put it in Open Innovation, “The success of some of these departing spinoffs was largely unforeseen—and unforeseeable. When they left, these spin-offs were more like ugly ducklings than elegant swans.
When you add it all up, even the supposed “failures” of PARC provided enormous value for Xerox.
If You Don’t Explore, You Won’t Invent And You Will Be Disrupted
In the late 1960s, Xerox faced a problem without a clear solution. With many of its key patents expiring, it was losing its chokehold on the industry it had created. That’s what led its visionary CEO, Peter McColough, to create PARC, which invented breakthrough technologies, incredible profits and saved the company.
Yet many see it as a cautionary tale because of all the possibilities it wasn’t able to pursue. Steve Jobs once said that “Xerox could have owned the entire computer industry, could have been the IBM of the nineties, could have been the Microsoft of the nineties.”
Maybe it could have. But you don’t judge a strategy on what could have been, but on whether it solved the problem it was designed to solve. Xerox was facing irrelevance and extinction. Its copier business was dying and it desperately needed technologies that would provide new sources of revenue for a company that was quickly becoming irrelevant. In that context, Xerox PARC succeeded enormously.
In researching my book, Mapping Innovation, I found that the most important thing that great innovators do differently is that they are actively seeking out new problems. In other words, they not only continue to hone their existing processes and practices, they go actively look for areas where they can make an impact.
The truth is that innovation needs exploration and that’s never efficient nor can it be optimized, but it can be done cheaply enough to be sustainable. For large enterprises that usually means investing in labs, but even small business can access world class research by connecting to larger institutions, such as government labs and universities.
It’s a fairly simple equation. If you don’t explore, you won’t discover. If you don’t discover you won’t invent. And if you don’t invent, you will be disrupted.
— Article courtesy of the Digital Tonto blog
— Image credit: 1 of 1,550+ FREE quote slides available at http://misterinnovation.com
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At first glance, it seems easy to run a good test, but nothing can be further from the truth.
The first step is to define the idea/concept you want to validate or invalidate. The best way is to complete one of these two sentences: I want to learn that [type your idea here] is true. Or, I want to learn that [enter your idea here] is false.
Next, ask yourself this question: What information do I need to validate (or invalidate) [type your idea here]? Write down the information you need. In the engineering domain, this is straightforward: I need the temperature of this, the pressure of that, the force generated on part xyz or the time (in seconds) before the system catches fire. But for people-related ideas, things aren’t so straightforward. Some things you may want to know are: how much will you pay for this new thing, how many will you buy, on a scale of 1 to 5 how much do you like it?
Now the tough part – how will you judge pass or fail? What is the maximum acceptable temperature? What is the minimum pressure? What is the maximum force that can be tolerated? How many seconds must the system survive before catching fire? And for people: What is the minimum price that can support a viable business? How many must they buy before the company can prosper? And if they like it at level 3, it’s a go. And here’s the most importance sentence of the entire post:
The decision criteria must be defined BEFORE running the test.
If you wait to define the go/no-go criteria until after you run the test and review the data, you’ll adjust the decision criteria so you make the decision you wanted to make before running the test. If you’re not going to define the decision criteria before running the test, don’t bother running the test and follow your gut. Your decision will be a bad one, but at least you’ll save the time and money associated with the test.
And before running the test, define the test protocol. Think recipe in a cookbook: a pinch of this, a quart of that, mix it together and bake at 350 degrees Fahrenheit for 40 minutes. The best protocols are simple and clear and result in the same sequence of events regardless of who runs the test. And make sure the measurement method is part of the protocol – use this thermocouple, use that pressure gauge, use the script to ask the questions about price and the number they’d buy.
And even with all this rigor, good judgement is still part of the equation. But the judgment is limited to questions like: did we follow the protocol? Did the measurement system function properly? Do the initial assumptions still hold? Did anything change since we defined the learning objective and defined the test protocol?
To create formal learning objectives, to write well-defined test protocols and to formalize the decision criteria before running the test require rigor, discipline, time and money. But, because the cost of making a bad decision is so high, the cost of running good tests is a bargain at twice the price.
What Do We Owe the Lives Lost on September 11, 2001?
On this twenty-fifth anniversary of September 11, 2001, we begin where we must: with the people. Nearly three thousand lives were taken in New York, at the Pentagon, and in the fields of Pennsylvania — parents, children, first responders, coworkers, passengers, and neighbors. Grief does not expire on a calendar. For families and friends, love and absence still share the same quiet rooms.
We say their names because numbers alone cannot hold a human being. The National September 11 Memorial & Museum keeps those names in bronze and in living memory. What follows is offered in that spirit of remembrance — with humility, and with hope that a safer, more decent future is part of how we honor them.
This article pairs 911 public-safety and national-defense advances since 2001 with the names of those killed in the attacks (drawn from public memorial listings). Each entry ends with two to four names in parentheses — not as a footnote to technology, but as a dedication: progress in service of human life, remembered alongside human life.
If you are a family member or survivor reading today: thank you for your courage. May these pages feel like respect, not noise.
How Did a Wounded World Also Learn to Protect Life Better?
Out of horror, people still chose to build. First responders rewrote doctrine. Engineers strengthened stairwells and codes. Public servants built new agencies and warning systems. Clinicians carried battlefield lessons into civilian trauma bays. Communities practiced saying something when something felt wrong. None of that erases what was lost. It does affirm a human truth: we can refuse to let the last word belong to those who destroy.
The list below is not a claim that technology heals grief. It is a map of effort — imperfect, debated, sometimes overdue — aimed at preventing the next hard landing for civilians, responders, and service members. Soft landings for a free society require both vigilance and humanity.
911 Public-Safety and Defense Advances — Each Dedicated to the Fallen
Source for names: public 9/11 memorial victim listings (World Trade Center, Pentagon, and Flights 11, 77, 93, and 175). Innovations emphasize aviation security, first response, critical infrastructure protection, cybersecurity, trauma care, and community resilience since 2001. Some themes appear more than once as capabilities matured and spread — because real safety work is rarely a single invention; it is sustained commitment.
2,975 names are included across the 911 dedications below.
Creation of the U.S. Department of Homeland Security to unify domestic security missions.(In remembrance: Gordon M. Aamoth, Jr., Edelmiro Abad, Marie Rose Abad, Andrew Anthony Abate)
Transportation Security Administration (TSA) screening standards for commercial aviation.(In remembrance: Vincent Paul Abate, Laurence Christopher Abel, Alona Abraham, William F. Abrahamson)
Federal Air Marshal Service expansion for in-flight security.(In remembrance: Richard Anthony Aceto, Heinrich Bernhard Ackermann, Paul Acquaviva, Christian Adams)
Reinforced cockpit doors as a global commercial aviation standard.(In remembrance: Donald LaRoy Adams, Patrick Adams, Shannon Lewis Adams, Stephen George Adams)
Secure Flight passenger pre-screening for watchlist matching.(In remembrance: Ignatius Udo Adanga, Christy A. Addamo, Terence Edward Adderley, Jr., Sophia B. Addo)
Advanced Imaging Technology (AIT) at airport checkpoints.(In remembrance: Lee Adler, Daniel Thomas Afflitto, Emmanuel Akwasi Afuakwah, Alok Agarwal)
Explosive Trace Detection (ETD) for carry-on and cargo screening.(In remembrance: Mukul Kumar Agarwala, Joseph Agnello, David Scott Agnes, Joao Alberto da Fonseca Aguiar, Jr.)
Computed tomography (CT) scanners for checked-baggage explosives detection.(In remembrance: Brian G. Ahearn, Jeremiah Joseph Ahern, Joanne Marie Ahladiotis, Shabbir Ahmed)
Behavioral Detection Officer programs supporting layered aviation security.(In remembrance: Terrance Andre Aiken, Godwin O. Ajala, Trudi M. Alagero, Andrew Alameno)
Known Crewmember and identity-verification programs for aviation workers.(In remembrance: Margaret Ann Alario, Gary M. Albero, Jon Leslie Albert, Peter Craig Alderman)
TSA PreCheck risk-based screening for trusted travelers.(In remembrance: Jacquelyn Delaine Aldridge-Frederick, David D. Alger, Ernest Alikakos, Edward L. Allegretto)
Global Entry and trusted-traveler programs at ports of entry.(In remembrance: Eric Allen, Joseph Ryan Allen, Richard Dennis Allen, Richard L. Allen)
Customs and Border Protection biometric entry/exit modernization.(In remembrance: Christopher E. Allingham, Anna S. W. Allison, Janet Marie Alonso, Anthony Alvarado)
Container Security Initiative for overseas cargo risk screening.(In remembrance: Antonio Javier Alvarez, Victoria Alvarez-Brito, Telmo E. Alvear, Cesar Amoranto Alviar)
Customs-Trade Partnership Against Terrorism (C-TPAT) supply-chain security.(In remembrance: Tariq Amanullah, Angelo Amaranto, James M. Amato, Joseph Amatuccio)
National Targeting Center analytics for cargo and traveler risk.(In remembrance: Paul W. Ambrose, Christopher Charles Amoroso, Craig Scott Amundson, Kazuhiro Anai)
Fusion centers linking federal, state, and local threat information.(In remembrance: Calixto Anaya, Jr., Joseph P. Anchundia, Kermit Charles Anderson, Yvette Constance Anderson)
Nationwide Suspicious Activity Reporting (SAR) initiatives.(In remembrance: John Jack Andreacchio, Michael Rourke Andrews, Jean Ann Andrucki, Siew-Nya Ang)
If You See Something, Say Something public vigilance campaigns.(In remembrance: Joseph Angelini, Sr., Joseph John Angelini, Jr., David Lawrence Angell, Mary Lynn Edwards Angell)
National Incident Management System (NIMS) for multi-agency response.(In remembrance: Laura Angilletta, Doreen J. Angrisani, Lorraine Antigua, Seima David Aoyama)
Incident Command System (ICS) standardization across first responders.(In remembrance: Peter Paul Apollo, Faustino Apostol, Jr., Frank Thomas Aquilino, Patrick Michael Aranyos)
National Response Framework for coordinated disaster operations.(In remembrance: David Gregory Arce, Michael George Arczynski, Louis Arena, Barbara Jean Arestegui)
FEMA modernization of disaster logistics and mutual aid.(In remembrance: Adam P. Arias, Michael J. Armstrong, Jack Charles Aron, Joshua Todd Aron)
Urban Search and Rescue (US&R) task-force capability expansion.(In remembrance: Richard Avery Aronow, Myra Joy Aronson, Japhet Jesse Aryee, Carl Francis Asaro)
Interoperable radio and FirstNet public-safety broadband for responders.(In remembrance: Michael A. Asciak, Michael Edward Asher, Janice Marie Ashley, Thomas J. Ashton)
Next Generation 911 (NG911) for text, location, and multimedia emergency calls.(In remembrance: Manuel O. Asitimbay, Gregg A. Atlas, Gerald Thomas Atwood, James Audiffred)
Wireless Emergency Alerts (WEA) for mobile public warning.(In remembrance: Louis F. Aversano, Jr., Ezra Aviles, Sandy Ayala, Arlene T. Babakitis)
Integrated Public Alert and Warning System (IPAWS).(In remembrance: Eustace R. Bacchus, John J. Badagliacca, Jane Ellen Baeszler, Robert J. Baierwalter)
Enhanced 911 location accuracy for mobile callers.(In remembrance: Andrew J. Bailey, Brett T. Bailey, Garnet Ace Bailey, Tatyana Bakalinskaya)
Automatic Vehicle Location (AVL) for fire and EMS dispatch.(In remembrance: Michael S. Baksh, Sharon M. Balkcom, Michael Andrew Bane, Katherine Bantis)
Computer-Aided Dispatch (CAD) modernization for emergency services.(In remembrance: Gerard Baptiste, Walter Baran, Gerard A. Barbara, Paul Vincent Barbaro)
Body-worn cameras with evidence-management workflows for accountability.(In remembrance: James William Barbella, Victor Daniel Barbosa, Christine Johnna Barbuto, Colleen Ann Barkow)
License plate reader analytics used under policy for investigations.(In remembrance: David Michael Barkway, Matthew Barnes, Melissa Rose Barnes, Sheila Patricia Barnes)
ShotSpotter and acoustic gunshot detection networks in cities.(In remembrance: Evan Jay Baron, Renee Barrett-Arjune, Arthur Thaddeus Barry, Diane G. Barry)
Crime-mapping and real-time crime center platforms for police.(In remembrance: Maurice Vincent Barry, Scott D. Bart, Carlton W. Bartels, Guy Barzvi)
Portable X-ray and robotics for bomb squad render-safe operations.(In remembrance: Inna B. Basina, Alysia Christine Burton Basmajian, Kenneth William Basnicki, Steven Joseph Bates)
Advanced bomb suits and disruptor tools for EOD teams.(In remembrance: Paul James Battaglia, W. David Bauer, Ivhan Luis Carpio Bautista, Marlyn Capito Bautista)
Biometric identity systems for watchlisting and credentialing.(In remembrance: Mark Lawrence Bavis, Jasper Baxter, Lorraine G. Bay, Michele Beale)
FBI Next Generation Identification (NGI) biometric services.(In remembrance: Todd M. Beamer, Paul Frederick Beatini, Jane S. Beatty, Alan Anthony Beaven)
Terrorist Screening Center watchlist operational improvements.(In remembrance: Lawrence Ira Beck, Manette Marie Beckles, Carl John Bedigian, Michael Ernest Beekman)
No-Fly List and Selectee List process refinements with redress pathways.(In remembrance: Maria A. Behr, Max J. Beilke, Yelena Belilovsky, Nina Patrice Bell)
Visa security and Student and Exchange Visitor Program oversight upgrades.(In remembrance: Debbie S. Bellows, Stephen Elliot Belson, Paul M. Benedetti, Denise Lenore Benedetto)
US-VISIT / biometric border systems evolution.(In remembrance: Bryan Craig Bennett, Eric L. Bennett, Oliver Bennett, Margaret L. Benson)
REAL ID Act identity standards for state-issued credentials.(In remembrance: Dominick J. Berardi, James Patrick Berger, Steven Howard Berger, John P. Bergin)
Chemical Facility Anti-Terrorism Standards (CFATS).(In remembrance: Alvin Bergsohn, Daniel David Bergstein, Graham Andrew Berkeley, Michael J. Berkeley)
Protective Security Advisor programs for critical infrastructure.(In remembrance: Donna M. Bernaerts, David W. Bernard, William H. Bernstein, David M. Berray)
National Infrastructure Protection Plan sector partnership model.(In remembrance: David Shelby Berry, Joseph John Berry, William Reed Bethke, Yeneneh Betru)
Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA) establishment.(In remembrance: Timothy D. Betterly, Carolyn Mayer Beug, Edward Frank Beyea, Paul Michael Beyer)
National Cybersecurity Protection System and Einstein intrusion detection.(In remembrance: Anil Tahilram Bharvaney, Bella J. Bhukhan, Shimmy D. Biegeleisen, Peter Alexander Bielfeld)
Continuous Diagnostics and Mitigation (CDM) for federal networks.(In remembrance: William G. Biggart, Brian Eugene Bilcher, Mark Bingham, Carl Vincent Bini)
Binding Operational Directives for federal cyber hygiene.(In remembrance: Gary Eugene Bird, Joshua David Birnbaum, George John Bishop, Kris Romeo Bishundat)
Election infrastructure security designation and support.(In remembrance: Jeffrey Donald Bittner, Albert Balewa Blackman, Jr., Christopher Joseph Blackwell, Carrie Rosetta Blagburn)
Industrial control system (ICS/SCADA) security guidance for utilities.(In remembrance: Susan Leigh Blair, Harry Blanding, Jr., Janice Lee Blaney, Craig Michael Blass)
Maritime Transportation Security Act port and vessel security regimes.(In remembrance: Rita Blau, Richard Middleton Blood, Jr., Michael Andrew Boccardi, John Paul Bocchi)
Transportation Worker Identification Credential (TWIC).(In remembrance: Michael L. Bocchino, Susan M. Bochino, Deora Frances Bodley, Bruce Douglas Boehm)
Automatic Identification System (AIS) vessel tracking for maritime awareness.(In remembrance: Mary Catherine Murphy-Boffa, Nicholas Andrew Bogdan, Darren Christopher Bohan, Lawrence Francis Boisseau)
Coast Guard Maritime Security Response Team capabilities.(In remembrance: Vincent M. Boland, Jr., Touri Hamzavi Bolourchi, Alan Bondarenko, Andre Bonheur, Jr.)
Radiation portal monitors at seaports and border crossings.(In remembrance: Colin Arthur Bonnett, Frank J. Bonomo, Yvonne Lucia Bonomo, Sean Booker, Sr.)
Nuclear detection architecture for illicit radiological materials.(In remembrance: Kelly Ann Booms, Canfield D. Boone, Mary Jane Booth, Sherry Ann Bordeaux)
BioWatch environmental monitoring for biological threat agents.(In remembrance: Krystine Bordenabe, Jerry J. Borg, Martin Michael Boryczewski, Richard Edward Bosco)
Strategic National Stockpile modernization for medical countermeasures.(In remembrance: Klaus Bothe, Carol Marie Bouchard, J. Howard Boulton, Francisco Eligio Bourdier)
Cities Readiness Initiative for mass prophylaxis distribution.(In remembrance: Thomas Harold Bowden, Jr., Donna M. Bowen, Kimberly S. Bowers, Veronique Nicole Bowers)
Hospital surge and trauma system planning after mass-casualty lessons.(In remembrance: Larry Bowman, Shawn Edward Bowman, Jr., Kevin L. Bowser, Gary R. Box)
Tactical Combat Casualty Care (TCCC) principles adapted to civilian EMS.(In remembrance: Gennady Boyarsky, Pamela Boyce, Allen P. Boyle, Michael Boyle)
Stop the Bleed public hemorrhage-control training and kits.(In remembrance: Alfred J. Braca, Sandra Conaty Brace, Kevin Hugh Bracken, Sandy Waugh Bradshaw)
Tourniquet and hemostatic dressing standards for first responders.(In remembrance: David Brian Brady, Alexander Braginsky, Nicholas W. Brandemarti, Daniel Raymond Brandhorst)
Firefighter accountability and PASS device improvements.(In remembrance: Ronald Michael Breitweiser, Edward A. Brennan III, Frank H. Brennan, Michael E. Brennan)
Self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) and thermal imaging advances.(In remembrance: Peter Brennan, Thomas More Brennan, Daniel J. Brethel, Gary Lee Bright)
Building code updates for high-rise egress, stairwell, and fireproofing.(In remembrance: Jonathan Eric Briley, Mark A. Brisman, Paul Gary Bristow, Marion R. Britton)
NYC Local Law high-rise safety reforms after WTC investigations.(In remembrance: Mark Francis Broderick, Herman Charles Broghammer, Keith A. Broomfield, Bernard C. Brown II)
NIST World Trade Center investigation recommendations for structural safety.(In remembrance: Janice Juloise Brown, Lloyd Stanford Brown, Patrick John Brown, Bettina B. Browne-Radburn)
Progressive collapse design awareness in tall-building engineering.(In remembrance: Mark Bruce, Richard George Bruehert, Andrew Brunn, Vincent Edward Brunton)
Impact-resistant glazing and progressive façade safety research.(In remembrance: Ronald Bucca, Brandon J. Buchanan, Greg J. Buck, Dennis Buckley)
Elevator recall and firefighter emergency operation refinements.(In remembrance: Nancy Clare Bueche, Patrick Joseph Buhse, John Edward Bulaga, Jr., Stephen Bruce Bunin)
Refuge floors and phased evacuation planning in skyscraper design.(In remembrance: Christopher L. Burford, Matthew J. Burke, Thomas Daniel Burke, William Francis Burke, Jr.)
Active shooter preparedness curricula for schools and workplaces.(In remembrance: Charles F. Burlingame III, Thomas E. Burnett, Jr., Donald J. Burns, Kathleen Anne Burns)
Run-Hide-Fight and ALICE-informed civilian response education.(In remembrance: Keith James Burns, John Patrick Burnside, Irina Buslo, Milton G. Bustillo)
School soft-target hardening: controlled entry and visitor management.(In remembrance: Thomas M. Butler, Patrick Dennis Byrne, Timothy G. Byrne, Daniel M. Caballero)
Stadium and large-venue security screening architectures.(In remembrance: Jesus Neptali Cabezas, Lillian Caceres, Brian Joseph Cachia, Steven Dennis Cafiero, Jr.)
Explosive detection canine program expansion.(In remembrance: Richard Michael Caggiano, Cecile Marella Caguicla, John Brett Cahill, Michael John Cahill)
Homemade explosive (HME) recognition training for responders.(In remembrance: Scott Walter Cahill, Thomas Joseph Cahill, George C. Cain, Salvatore B. Calabro)
Counter-IED route clearance and vehicle-borne IED defense methods.(In remembrance: Joseph M. Calandrillo, Philip V. Calcagno, Edward Calderon, Jose O. Calderon-Olmedo)
MRAP and blast-resistant vehicle lessons applied to force protection.(In remembrance: Kenneth Marcus Caldwell, Dominick E. Calia, Felix Bobby Calixte, Francis Joseph Callahan)
Improved body armor and trauma plate systems for troops and police.(In remembrance: Liam Callahan, Suzanne M. Calley, Gino Luigi Calvi, Roko Camaj)
Night-vision and sensor fusion for base and border protection.(In remembrance: Michael F. Cammarata, David Otey Campbell, Geoffrey Thomas Campbell, Robert Arthur Campbell)
Unmanned aerial systems for border and disaster situational awareness.(In remembrance: Sandra Patricia Campbell, Sean Thomas Canavan, John A. Candela, Vincent A. Cangelosi)
Counter-UAS detection and mitigation for airports and critical sites.(In remembrance: Stephen J. Cangialosi, Lisa Bella Cannava, Brian Cannizzaro, Michael R. Canty)
Persistent ISR and wide-area airborne surveillance concepts.(In remembrance: Louis Anthony Caporicci, Jonathan Neff Cappello, James Christopher Cappers, Richard Michael Caproni)
Predator/Reaper-class remotely piloted aircraft for overwatch missions.(In remembrance: Jose Manuel Cardona, Dennis M. Carey, Sr., Edward Carlino, Michael Scott Carlo)
Precision munitions reducing collateral damage in counterterror operations.(In remembrance: David G. Carlone, Rosemarie C. Carlson, Mark Stephen Carney, Joyce Ann Carpeneto)
Special Operations joint task force integration models.(In remembrance: Jeremy Caz Carrington, Michael T. Carroll, Peter J. Carroll, James Joseph Carson, Jr.)
Joint Terrorism Task Forces (JTTF) expansion nationwide.(In remembrance: Christoffer Mikael Carstanjen, Angelene C. Carter, James Marcel Cartier, Sharon Ann Carver)
Terrorism Liaison Officer programs for local agencies.(In remembrance: Vivian Casalduc, John Francis Casazza, Paul Regan Cascio, Neilie Anne Heffernan Casey)
Open-source intelligence (OSINT) tradecraft for threat monitoring.(In remembrance: William Joseph Cashman, Thomas Anthony Casoria, William Otto Caspar, Alejandro Castaño)
Social media exploitation cells for investigative leads (with legal process).(In remembrance: Arcelia Castillo, Leonard M. Castrianno, Jose Ramon Castro, William E. Caswell)
Financial intelligence and terrorist financing disruption (FinCEN/OFAC tools).(In remembrance: Richard G. Catarelli, Christopher Sean Caton, Robert John Caufield, Mary Teresa Caulfield)
SWIFT and banking compliance analytics against illicit finance.(In remembrance: Judson Cavalier, Michael Joseph Cawley, Jason David Cayne, Juan Armando Ceballos)
Charity and NGO abuse detection for terror finance prevention.(In remembrance: Marcia G. Cecil-Carter, Jason Michael Cefalu, Thomas Joseph Celic, Ana Mercedes Centeno)
Passenger Name Record (PNR) analytics with privacy safeguards.(In remembrance: Joni Cesta, John J. Chada, Jeffrey Marc Chairnoff, Swarna Chalasani)
API/PNR advance passenger information systems.(In remembrance: William A. Chalcoff, Eli Chalouh, Charles Lawrence Chan, Mandy Chang)
INTERPOL Stolen and Lost Travel Documents database wider use.(In remembrance: Rosa Maria Chapa, Mark Lawrence Charette, David M. Charlebois, Gregorio Manuel Chavez)
ePassports and RFID chip identity documents.(In remembrance: Pedro Francisco Checo, Douglas MacMillan Cherry, Stephen Patrick Cherry, Vernon Paul Cherry)
Facial recognition for watchlist matching at controlled borders.(In remembrance: Nestor Julio Chevalier, Jr., Swede Joseph Chevalier, Alexander H. Chiang, Dorothy J. Chiarchiaro)
Iris and multimodal biometrics for high-security identity proofing.(In remembrance: Luis Alfonso Chimbo, Robert Chin, Eddie Wing-Wai Ching, Nicholas Paul Chiofalo)
Mobile driver’s license and digital ID pilots with security controls.(In remembrance: John G. Chipura, Peter A. Chirchirillo, Catherine Ellen Chirls, Kyung Hee Casey Cho)
Cloud-based emergency operations center (EOC) collaboration platforms.(In remembrance: Abul K. Chowdhury, Mohammad Salahuddin Chowdhury, Kirsten Lail Christophe, Pamela Chu)
WebEOC and common operating picture systems for incidents.(In remembrance: Steven Paul Chucknick, Wai Ching Chung, Christopher Ciafardini, Alex F. Ciccone)
Drone-based damage assessment after disasters and attacks.(In remembrance: Frances Ann Cilente, Elaine Cillo, Patricia Ann Cimaroli Massari, Edna Cintron)
Satellite rapid mapping for incident commanders.(In remembrance: Nestor Andre Cintron III, Robert D. Cirri, Sr., Juan Pablo Cisneros, Benjamin Keefe Clark)
GIS-based critical infrastructure dependency mapping.(In remembrance: Eugene Clark, Gregory Alan Clark, Mannie Leroy Clark, Sara M. Clark)
Resilient power microgrids for hospitals and emergency facilities.(In remembrance: Thomas R. Clark, Christopher Robert Clarke, Donna Marie Clarke, Michael J. Clarke)
Backup communications: satellite phones and mesh radio for blackouts.(In remembrance: Suria Rachel Emma Clarke, Kevin Francis Cleary, James D. Cleere, Geoffrey W. Cloud)
Hardened data centers and continuity-of-operations (COOP) planning.(In remembrance: Susan Marie Clyne, Steven Coakley, Jeffrey Alan Coale, Patricia A. Cody)
Continuity of Government and Continuity of Operations playbooks.(In remembrance: Daniel Michael Coffey, Jason Matthew Coffey, Florence G. Cohen, Kevin S. Cohen)
Private-sector information sharing (ISACs) for critical industries.(In remembrance: Anthony Joseph Coladonato, Mark Joseph Colaio, Stephen J. Colaio, Christopher Michael Colasanti)
Aviation ISAC and sector cyber threat sharing.(In remembrance: Kevin Nathaniel Colbert, Michel P. Colbert, Keith E. Coleman, Scott Thomas Coleman)
Financial Services ISAC threat intelligence distribution.(In remembrance: Tarel Coleman, Liam Joseph Colhoun, Robert D. Colin, Robert J. Coll)
Health-ISAC coordination for hospital cybersecurity.(In remembrance: Jean Marie Collin, John Michael Collins, Michael L. Collins, Thomas Joseph Collins)
Multi-factor authentication mandates for privileged government access.(In remembrance: Joseph Kent Collison, Jeffrey Dwayne Collman, Patricia Malia Colodner, Linda M. Colon)
Zero-trust network architecture adoption in federal IT.(In remembrance: Sol E. Colon, Ronald Edward Comer, Jaime Concepcion, Albert Conde)
Endpoint detection and response (EDR) at national scale.(In remembrance: Denease Conley, Susan P. Conlon, Margaret Mary Conner, Cynthia Marie Lise Connolly)
Security orchestration, automation, and response (SOAR) platforms.(In remembrance: John E. Connolly, Jr., James Lee Connor, Jonathan M. Connors, Kevin Patrick Connors)
Threat intelligence platforms (TIP) for analyst collaboration.(In remembrance: Kevin F. Conroy, Brenda E. Conway, Dennis Michael Cook, Helen D. Cook)
Malware reverse-engineering labs for nation-state and terror-linked tools.(In remembrance: Jeffrey W. Coombs, John A. Cooper, Julian T. Cooper, Joseph John Coppo, Jr.)
Ransomware response playbooks for cities and hospitals.(In remembrance: Gerard J. Coppola, Joseph Albert Corbett, John J. Corcoran III, Alejandro Cordero)
Election security risk-limiting audits and paper-ballot resilience.(In remembrance: Robert Joseph Cordice, Ruben D. Correa, Danny A. Correa-Gutierrez, Georgine Rose Corrigan)
Deepfake detection research for influence-operation defense.(In remembrance: James J. Corrigan, Ret., Carlos Cortés-Rodriguez, Kevin Michael Cosgrove, Dolores Marie Costa)
Content provenance and watermarking research for media authenticity.(In remembrance: Digna Alexandra Costanza, Charles Gregory Costello, Jr., Michael S. Costello, Asia S. Cottom)
Secure software development frameworks (e.g., SSDF) for vendors.(In remembrance: Conrod Kofi Cottoy, Sr., Martin John Coughlan, John G. Coughlin, Timothy J. Coughlin)
Software bill of materials (SBOM) transparency for supply-chain risk.(In remembrance: James E. Cove, Andre Colin Cox, Frederick John Cox, James Raymond Coyle)
Hardware root-of-trust and secure boot for critical devices.(In remembrance: Michele Coyle-Eulau, Christopher Seton Cramer, Eric A. Cranford, Denise Elizabeth Crant)
5G security frameworks for public-safety broadband.(In remembrance: James Leslie Crawford, Jr., Robert James Crawford, Tara Kathleen Creamer, Joanne Mary Cregan)
Mission-critical push-to-talk over LTE/5G for responders.(In remembrance: Lucia Crifasi, John A. Crisci, Daniel Hal Crisman, Dennis A. Cross)
Wearable physiological monitoring for firefighters in IDLH atmospheres.(In remembrance: Kevin R. Crotty, Thomas G. Crotty, John R. Crowe, Welles Remy Crowther)
Exoskeleton research for stretcher and rubble-lift assistance.(In remembrance: Robert L. Cruikshank, John Robert Cruz, Grace Alegre Cua, Kenneth John Cubas)
Robotic casualty extraction concepts for denied environments.(In remembrance: Francisco Cruz Cubero, Thelma Cuccinello, Richard Joseph Cudina, Neil James Cudmore)
AI-assisted triage research for mass-casualty incidents.(In remembrance: Thomas Patrick Cullen III, Joan Cullinan, Joyce Rose Cummings, Brian Thomas Cummins)
Portable ultrasound and point-of-care diagnostics in field medicine.(In remembrance: Michael Joseph Cunningham, Robert Curatolo, Laurence Damian Curia, Paul Dario Curioli)
Blood product and freeze-dried plasma advances for trauma.(In remembrance: Patrick Joseph Currivan, Beverly L. Curry, Andrew Peter Charles Curry Green, Michael Sean Curtin)
REBOA and advanced hemorrhage control in trauma centers.(In remembrance: Patricia Cushing, Gavin Cushny, Caleb Arron Dack, Carlos S. da Costa)
Burn care and skin-substitute advances informed by mass-casualty planning.(In remembrance: Jason M. Dahl, Brian Paul Dale, John D’Allara, Vincent Gerard D’Amadeo)
Behavioral health programs for first-responder PTSD and grief.(In remembrance: Thomas A. Damaskinos, Jack L. D’Ambrosi, Jr., Jeannine Damiani-Jones, Manuel João DaMota)
Peer support and critical incident stress management modernization.(In remembrance: Patrick W. Danahy, Mary D’Antonio, Vincent G. Danz, Dwight Donald Darcy)
Family assistance center models refined after large disasters.(In remembrance: Elizabeth Ann Darling, Annette Andrea Dataram, Edward A. D’Atri, Michael D. D’Auria)
Victim identification via DNA kinship analysis at scale.(In remembrance: Lawrence Davidson, Michael Allen Davidson, Scott Matthew Davidson, Titus Davidson)
Rapid DNA instruments for disaster victim identification.(In remembrance: Niurka Davila, Ada M. Davis, Clinton Davis, Sr., Wayne Terrial Davis)
NamUs and missing-persons forensic databases.(In remembrance: Anthony Richard Dawson, Calvin Dawson, Edward James Day, William Thomas Dean)
Mass fatality management planning for medical examiners.(In remembrance: Robert J. DeAngelis, Jr., Thomas Patrick DeAngelis, Dorothy Alma de Araujo, Ana Gloria Pocasangre Debarrera)
Public-private emergency logistics (retail/pharmacy distribution partners).(In remembrance: Tara E. Debek, James D. Debeuneure, Anna M. DeBin, James V. DeBlase, Jr.)
Cashless and remote banking continuity after infrastructure shocks.(In remembrance: Jayceryll Malabuyoc de Chavez, Paul DeCola, Gerald F. DeConto, Simon Marash Dedvukaj)
Telemedicine surge capacity for displaced populations.(In remembrance: Jason Christopher DeFazio, David A. DeFeo, Jennifer De Jesus, Monique Effie DeJesus)
Remote learning continuity frameworks after campus closures/attacks.(In remembrance: Nereida De Jesus, Emy De La Peña, Donald Arthur Delapenha, Azucena Maria de la Torre)
Hardened classroom locks and reunification protocols for schools.(In remembrance: Vito Joseph DeLeo, Danielle Anne Delie, Andrea DellaBella, Joseph A. Della Pietra)
Anonymous tip lines and See Something apps for campuses.(In remembrance: Palmina DelliGatti, Colleen Ann Deloughery, Joseph DeLuca, Manuel Del Valle, Jr.)
Behavioral threat assessment teams in schools and workplaces.(In remembrance: Francis Albert De Martini, Anthony Demas, Martin N. DeMeo, Francis Deming)
Workplace violence prevention standards and training.(In remembrance: Carol Keyes Demitz, Kevin Dennis, Thomas Francis Dennis, Sr., Jean C. DePalma)
Hotel and hospitality security training after soft-target attacks.(In remembrance: Jose Nicolas De Pena, Robert John Deraney, Michael DeRienzo, David Paul DeRubbio)
House of worship security grant and training programs.(In remembrance: Jemal Legesse DeSantis, Christian Louis DeSimone, Edward DeSimone III, Andrew J. Desperito)
Nonprofit security grants for vulnerable community sites.(In remembrance: Michael Jude D’Esposito, Cindy Ann Deuel, Melanie Louise de Vere, Jerry DeVito)
Transit security: random bag checks and K9 teams in metros.(In remembrance: Robert P. Devitt, Jr., Dennis Lawrence Devlin, Gerard P. Dewan, Sulemanali Kassamali Dhanani)
Railcar and tunnel fire/life-safety modernization.(In remembrance: Michael Louis DiAgostino, Matthew Diaz, Nancy Diaz, Obdulio Ruiz Diaz)
Bridge and tunnel surveillance with intrusion detection.(In remembrance: Michael A. Diaz-Piedra III, Judith Berquis Diaz-Sierra, Patricia Florence Di Chiaro, Rodney Dickens)
Pipeline and energy corridor monitoring sensors.(In remembrance: Jerry D. Dickerson, Joseph Dermot Dickey, Jr., Lawrence Patrick Dickinson, Michael D. Diehl)
Smart grid anomaly detection for physical-cyber threats.(In remembrance: John Difato, Vincent Francis DiFazio, Carl Anthony DiFranco, Donald Joseph DiFranco)
Water utility contamination detection and response protocols.(In remembrance: Eddie A. Dillard, Debra Ann Di Martino, David DiMeglio, Stephen Patrick Dimino)
Laboratory Response Network for biological threat confirmation.(In remembrance: William John Dimmling, Marisa Dinardo Schorpp, Christopher More Dincuff, Jeffrey Mark Dingle)
CDC quarantine station modernization at ports of entry.(In remembrance: Rena Sam Dinnoo, Anthony Dionisio, George DiPasquale, Joseph Di Pilato)
Passenger contact-tracing protocols refined after health emergencies.(In remembrance: Douglas Frank DiStefano, Donald Americo DiTullio, Ramzi A. Doany, Johnnie Doctor, Jr.)
N95 and respirator stockpile management lessons.(In remembrance: John Joseph Doherty, Melissa Cándida Doi, Brendan Dolan, Robert E. Dolan, Jr.)
PPE surge manufacturing partnerships for national emergencies.(In remembrance: Neil Matthew Dollard, James Domanico, Benilda Pascua Domingo, Alberto Dominguez)
Military dual-use logistics for domestic disaster support (DSCA).(In remembrance: Carlos Dominguez, Jerome Mark Patrick Dominguez, Kevin W. Donnelly, Jacqueline Donovan)
National Guard civil support team (WMD-CST) readiness.(In remembrance: William H. Donovan, Stephen Scott Dorf, Thomas Dowd, Kevin Christopher Dowdell)
CERFP and HRF CBRN response force packages.(In remembrance: Mary Yolanda Dowling, Raymond Matthew Downey, Sr., Frank Joseph Doyle, Joseph Michael Doyle)
Civil Support Team analytical laboratory systems.(In remembrance: Randall L. Drake, Patrick Joseph Driscoll, Stephen Patrick Driscoll, Charles A. Droz III)
Portable mass spectrometers for chemical identification.(In remembrance: Mirna A. Duarte, Luke A. Dudek, Christopher Michael Duffy, Gerard J. Duffy)
FTIR and Raman handheld identifiers for hazmat teams.(In remembrance: Michael Joseph Duffy, Thomas W. Duffy, Antoinette Duger, Jackie Sayegh Duggan)
Level A/B hazmat suit and decontamination corridor improvements.(In remembrance: Sareve Dukat, Patrick Dunn, Felicia Gail Dunn-Jones, Christopher Joseph Dunne)
Foam and clean-agent firefighting for aircraft rescue (ARFF).(In remembrance: Richard Anthony Dunstan, Patrick Thomas Dwyer, Joseph Anthony Eacobacci, John Bruce Eagleson)
Airport rescue and firefighting vehicle modernization.(In remembrance: Edward T. Earhart, Robert Douglas Eaton, Dean Phillip Eberling, Margaret Ruth Echtermann)
Runway status lights and airport surface surveillance (ASDE-X/ASSC).(In remembrance: Paul Robert Eckna, Constantine Economos, Barbara G. Edwards, Dennis Michael Edwards)
ADS-B air traffic surveillance improving situational awareness.(In remembrance: Michael Hardy Edwards, Christine Egan, Lisa Erin Egan, Martin J. Egan, Jr.)
Unruly passenger enforcement and cabin crew security training.(In remembrance: Michael Egan, Samantha Martin Egan, Carole Eggert, Lisa Caren Ehrlich)
Secondary cockpit barriers beyond the flight deck door.(In remembrance: John Ernst Eichler, Eric Adam Eisenberg, Daphne Ferlinda Elder, Michael J. Elferis)
Flight crew self-defense and security curriculum updates.(In remembrance: Mark Joseph Ellis, Valerie Silver Ellis, Albert Alfy William Elmarry, Robert R. Elseth)
Airline cybersecurity programs protecting operational technology.(In remembrance: Edgar Hendricks Emery, Jr., Doris Suk-Yuen Eng, Christopher Epps, Ulf Ramm Ericson)
Airport perimeter intrusion detection systems.(In remembrance: Erwin L. Erker, William John Erwin, Sarah Ali Escarcega, Jose Espinal)
Credential Authentication Technology (CAT) at TSA checkpoints.(In remembrance: Fanny Espinoza, Billy Scoop Esposito, Bridget Ann Esposito, Francis Esposito)
CT scanners for carry-on bags reducing bag checks while raising detection.(In remembrance: Michael A. Esposito, Ruben Esquilin, Jr., Sadie Ette, Barbara G. Etzold)
Algorithmic anomaly detection for checked-baggage images.(In remembrance: Eric Brian Evans, Robert Edward Evans, Meredith Emily June Ewart, Catherine K. Fagan)
Liquid explosives detection research after aviation plots.(In remembrance: Patricia Mary Fagan, Ivan Kyrillos Fairbanks-Barbosa, Keith George Fairben, Sandra Fajardo-Smith)
Shoe scanning and footwear policy evolution based on threat intel.(In remembrance: Charles S. Falkenberg, Dana Falkenberg, Zoe Falkenberg, Jamie L. Fallon)
Cargo screening mandates for passenger aircraft holds.(In remembrance: William F. Fallon, William Lawrence Fallon, Jr., Anthony J. Fallone, Jr., Dolores Brigitte Fanelli)
Known Shipper / Certified Cargo Screening Programs.(In remembrance: Robert John Fangman, John Joseph Fanning, Kathleen Anne Faragher, Thomas James Farino)
Air cargo advance electronic information requirements.(In remembrance: Nancy C. Doloszycki Farley, Paige Marie Farley-Hackel, Elizabeth Ann Farmer, Douglas Jon Farnum)
General aviation security awareness and LASP programs.(In remembrance: John Gerard Farrell, John W. Farrell, Terrence Patrick Farrell, Joseph D. Farrelly)
Flight school candidate screening enhancements.(In remembrance: Thomas Patrick Farrelly, Syed Abdul Fatha, Christopher Edward Faughnan, Wendy R. Faulkner)
UAV registration and remote ID for airspace accountability.(In remembrance: Shannon Marie Fava, Bernard D. Favuzza, Robert Fazio, Jr., Ronald Carl Fazio, Sr.)
Temporary Flight Restrictions (TFR) tooling for national special events.(In remembrance: William M. Feehan, Francis Jude Feely, Garth Erin Feeney, Sean Bernard Fegan)
National Special Security Event (NSSE) planning playbooks.(In remembrance: Lee S. Fehling, Peter Adam Feidelberg, Alan D. Feinberg, Rosa Maria Feliciano)
Secret Service magnetometer and K9 screening for protectees.(In remembrance: Edward P. Felt, Edward Thomas Fergus, Jr., George J. Ferguson III, J. Joseph Ferguson)
White House and campus vehicle barrier (anti-ram) standards.(In remembrance: Henry Fernandez, Judy Hazel Santillan Fernandez, Julio Fernandez, Elisa Giselle Ferraina)
Pop-up vehicle barriers for temporary event protection.(In remembrance: Anne Marie Sallerin Ferreira, Robert John Ferris, David Francis Ferrugio, Louis V. Fersini, Jr.)
Blast-resistant trash receptacles in transit hubs.(In remembrance: Michael David Ferugio, Bradley James Fetchet, Jennifer Louise Fialko, Kristen Nicole Fiedel)
Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED) in public plazas.(In remembrance: Amelia V. Fields, Samuel Fields, Alexander Milan Filipov, Michael Bradley Finnegan)
Hostile vehicle mitigation landscaping and bollard design guides.(In remembrance: Timothy J. Finnerty, Michael C. Fiore, Stephen J. Fiorelli, Paul M. Fiori)
Glass fragment retention film for blast and storm protection.(In remembrance: John B. Fiorito, John R. Fischer, Andrew Fisher, Bennett Lawson Fisher)
Safe rooms and shelter-in-place standards for tornadoes and attacks.(In remembrance: Gerald P. Fisher, John Roger Fisher, Thomas J. Fisher, Lucy A. Fishman)
Earthquake early warning systems (ShakeAlert) as dual-use alerting.(In remembrance: Ryan D. Fitzgerald, Thomas James Fitzpatrick, Richard P. Fitzsimons, Salvatore Fiumefreddo)
Multi-hazard early warning integrating weather, quake, and security.(In remembrance: Darlene E. Flagg, Wilson F. Flagg, Christina Donovan Flannery, Eileen Flecha)
Crowdsourced damage reporting apps for emergency managers.(In remembrance: Andre G. Fletcher, Carl M. Flickinger, Matthew M. Flocco, John Joseph Florio)
Social media listening for emergency public information officers.(In remembrance: Joseph Walkden Flounders, Carol Ann Flyzik, David Fodor, Michael N. Fodor)
Verified official alert accounts to combat rumor during crises.(In remembrance: Stephen Mark Fogel, Thomas J. Foley, Jane C. Folger, David J. Fontana)
Rumor control and crisis communications playbooks.(In remembrance: Chih Min Foo, Delrose E. Forbes Cheatham, Godwin Forde, Donald A. Foreman)
Multilingual emergency messaging for diverse communities.(In remembrance: Christopher Hugh Forsythe, Claudia Alicia Foster, Noel John Foster, Sandra N. Foster)
Accessibility: visual/ vibrating alert devices for deaf/hard-of-hearing.(In remembrance: Ana Fosteris, Robert Joseph Foti, Jeffrey Fox, Virginia Elizabeth Fox)
ADA-aware evacuation chair and refuge area standards.(In remembrance: Pauline Francis, Virgin Lucy Francis, Gary Jay Frank, Morton H. Frank)
Pet and service-animal evacuation planning in disasters.(In remembrance: Peter Christopher Frank, Colleen L. Fraser, Richard K. Fraser, Kevin J. Frawley)
Family reunification systems after mass displacement.(In remembrance: Clyde Frazier, Jr., Lillian Inez Frederick, Andrew Fredericks, Tamitha Freeman)
Red Cross Safe and Well / digital check-in platforms.(In remembrance: Brett Owen Freiman, Peter L. Freund, Arlene Eva Fried, Alan W. Friedlander)
Volunteer and donated-goods management platforms for EOCs.(In remembrance: Andrew Keith Friedman, Paul J. Friedman, Gregg J. Froehner, Lisa Anne Frost)
Spontaneous volunteer credentialing to reduce convergence chaos.(In remembrance: Peter Christian Fry, Clement A. Fumando, Steven Elliot Furman, Paul James Furmato)
Private security officer training standards in high-risk venues.(In remembrance: Karleton Douglas Beye Fyfe, Fredric Neal Gabler, Richard Peter Gabriel, Richard S. Gabrielle)
Hospital lockdown and active threat clinical protocols.(In remembrance: James Andrew Gadiel, Pamela Lee Gaff, Ervin Vincent Gailliard, Deanna Lynn Galante)
Emergency department decontamination shower and isolation designs.(In remembrance: Grace Catherine Galante, Anthony Edward Gallagher, Daniel James Gallagher, John Patrick Gallagher)
Burn center regional coordination networks.(In remembrance: Lourdes J. Galletti, Cono E. Gallo, Vincent Gallucci, Thomas E. Galvin)
Pediatric mass-casualty triage tools (JumpSTART and successors).(In remembrance: Giovanna Galletta Gambale, Thomas Gambino, Jr., Giann F. Gamboa, Ronald L. Gamboa)
START/SALT triage training modernization.(In remembrance: Peter James Ganci, Jr., Michael Gann, Charles William Garbarini, Andrew Sonny Garcia)
Tactical EMS and TEMS integration with SWAT.(In remembrance: Cesar R. Garcia, David Garcia, Jorge Luis Morron Garcia, Juan Garcia)
Rescue task force (warm zone care) models for active assailant events.(In remembrance: Marlyn Del Carmen Garcia, Christopher Samuel Gardner, Douglas Benjamin Gardner, Harvey Joseph Gardner III)
Bleeding control kits in public buildings and schools.(In remembrance: Jeffrey Brian Gardner, Thomas A. Gardner, William Arthur Gardner, Frank Garfi)
AED ubiquity and PAD (public access defibrillation) programs.(In remembrance: Rocco Nino Gargano, James M. Gartenberg, Matthew David Garvey, Bruce Gary)
Hands-only CPR public education campaigns.(In remembrance: Boyd Alan Gatton, Donald Richard Gavagan, Jr., Peter Alan Gay, Terence D. Gazzani)
PulsePoint and similar bystander CPR notification apps.(In remembrance: Gary Paul Geidel, Paul Hamilton Geier, Julie M. Geis, Peter Gerard Gelinas)
Smart smoke and CO alarms with remote alerting.(In remembrance: Steven Paul Geller, Howard G. Gelling, Jr., Peter Victor Genco, Jr., Steven Gregory Genovese)
IoT leak and intrusion sensors for critical facilities.(In remembrance: Alayne Gentul, Linda M. George, Edward F. Geraghty, Suzanne Geraty)
Video analytics for unattended bag detection in transit.(In remembrance: Ralph Gerhardt, Robert Gerlich, Denis P. Germain, Marina Romanovna Gertsberg)
Privacy-preserving video analytics research for public spaces.(In remembrance: Susan M. Getzendanner, Lawrence D. Getzfred, James G. Geyer, Cortez Ghee)
Encrypted radios with over-the-air rekeying for police.(In remembrance: Joseph M. Giaccone, Vincent Francis Giammona, Debra Lynn Gibbon, James Andrew Giberson)
P25 Phase II trunked radio systems for multi-agency talkgroups.(In remembrance: Brenda C. Gibson, Craig Neil Gibson, Ronnie E. Gies, Andrew Clive Gilbert)
Cross-band and gateway devices for mutual aid interoperability.(In remembrance: Timothy Paul Gilbert, Paul Stuart Gilbey, Paul John Gill, Mark Y. Gilles)
CAD-to-CAD data sharing across neighboring 911 centers.(In remembrance: Evan Hunter Gillette, Ronald Lawrence Gilligan, Rodney C. Gillis, Laura Gilly)
NG911 geospatial routing to the correct public-safety answering point.(In remembrance: John F. Ginley, Donna Marie Giordano, Jeffrey John Giordano)
What3Words and plus-code experiments for locating callers in parks.(In remembrance: John Giordano, Steven A. Giorgetti, Martin Giovinazzo)
Vertical location (z-axis) for 911 calls in high-rises.(In remembrance: Kum-Kum Girolamo, Salvatore Gitto, Cynthia Giugliano)
AML (Advanced Mobile Location) for Android/iOS emergency calls.(In remembrance: Mon Gjonbalaj, Dianne Gladstone, Keith Alexander Glascoe)
Text-to-911 for callers who cannot speak safely.(In remembrance: Thomas Irwin Glasser, Edmund Glazer, Harry Glenn)
Video-to-911 pilots for situational awareness at PSAPs.(In remembrance: Barry H. Glick, Jeremy Logan Glick, Steven Glick)
AI call-taking assistance for faster triage (human-supervised).(In remembrance: John T. Gnazzo, William Robert Godshalk, Michael Gogliormella)
Language line integration for non-English emergency callers.(In remembrance: Brian F. Goldberg, Jeffrey G. Goldflam, Michelle Goldstein)
Mental health co-responder and crisis intervention team (CIT) models.(In remembrance: Monica Goldstein, Steven Ian Goldstein, Ronald F. Golinski)
988 Suicide & Crisis Lifeline as a national behavioral health pathway.(In remembrance: Andrew H. Golkin, Dennis James Gomes, Enrique Antonio Gomez)
Police alternative response for non-violent mental health calls.(In remembrance: Jose Bienvenido Gomez, Manuel Gomez, Jr., Wilder Alfredo Gomez)
De-escalation training curricula for patrol officers.(In remembrance: Jenine Nicole Gonzalez, Mauricio Gonzalez, Rosa J. Gonzalez)
Less-lethal options modernization (ECWs, 40mm, etc.) with policy.(In remembrance: Lynn Catherine Goodchild, Calvin Joseph Gooding, Peter Morgan Goodrich)
Officer wellness and suicide prevention programs.(In remembrance: Harry Goody, Kiran Kumar Reddy Gopu, Catherine C. Gorayeb)
Peer support apps for first responders.(In remembrance: Lisa Fenn Gordenstein, Kerene Gordon, Sebastian Gorki)
Chaplaincy and grief support for line-of-duty and terrorism loss.(In remembrance: Kieran Joseph Gorman, Thomas Edward Gorman, Michael Edward Gould)
Memorial and family liaison best practices after mass violence.(In remembrance: O. Kristin Osterholm White Gould, Douglas Alan Gowell, Yuji Goya)
Victim compensation fund administration lessons (VCF).(In remembrance: Jon Richard Grabowski, Christopher Michael Grady, Edwin J. Graf III)
World Trade Center Health Program for responders and survivors.(In remembrance: David Martin Graifman, Gilbert Franco Granados, Lauren Catuzzi Grandcolas)
Long-term monitoring for dust and toxin-related illness.(In remembrance: Elvira Granitto, Winston Arthur Grant, Christopher S. Gray)
Cancer and aerodigestive care pathways for 9/11 responders.(In remembrance: Ian J. Gray, James Michael Gray, Tara McCloud Gray)
Research cohorts studying PTSD after terrorism.(In remembrance: John M. Grazioso, Timothy George Grazioso, Derrick Auther Green)
Resilience training for communities recovering from attacks.(In remembrance: Wade B. Green, Wanda Anita Green, Elaine Myra Greenberg)
Countering violent extremism (CVE) community partnership models.(In remembrance: Donald Freeman Greene, Gayle R. Greene, James Arthur Greenleaf, Jr.)
Off-ramps and intervention programs for radicalization concerns.(In remembrance: Eileen Marsha Greenstein, Elizabeth Martin Gregg, Denise Marie Gregory)
Prison radicalization monitoring and rehabilitation research.(In remembrance: Donald H. Gregory, Florence Moran Gregory, Pedro Grehan)
Online radicalization early-warning research (civil-liberties aware).(In remembrance: John Michael Griffin, Tawanna Sherry Griffin, Joan Donna Griffith)
Public literacy on disinformation used by extremist groups.(In remembrance: Warren Grifka, Ramon B. Grijalvo, Joseph F. Grillo)
Hate-crime reporting improvements and community liaison officers.(In remembrance: David Joseph Grimner, Francis Edward Grogan, Linda Gronlund)
Synagogue, mosque, and church security assessment tools.(In remembrance: Kenneth George Grouzalis, Joseph Grzelak, Matthew James Grzymalski)
Nonprofit Security Grant Program expansions.(In remembrance: Robert Joseph Gschaar, Liming Gu, Richard J. Guadagno)
Soft-target security design guides from DHS/CISA.(In remembrance: Jose A. Guadalupe, Cindy Yan Zhu Guan, Geoffrey E. Guja)
Hometown Security and community preparedness curricula.(In remembrance: Joseph P. Gullickson, Babita Girjamatie Guman, Douglas Brian Gurian)
Ready.gov household preparedness modernization.(In remembrance: Janet Ruth Gustafson, Philip T. Guza, Barbara Guzzardo)
Go-bags and family communication plans as civic resilience practice.(In remembrance: Peter Mark Gyulavary, Gary Robert Haag, Andrea Lyn Haberman)
Business continuity planning (BCP) mainstreamed for SMEs.(In remembrance: Barbara Mary Habib, Philip Haentzler, Nezam A. Hafiz)
Supply-chain mapping after single-point-of-failure shocks.(In remembrance: Karen Elizabeth Hagerty, Steven Michael Hagis, Mary Lou Hague)
Just-in-case inventory strategies for critical medical supplies.(In remembrance: David Halderman, Maile Rachel Hale, Diane Hale-McKinzy)
Additive manufacturing for emergency spare parts.(In remembrance: Richard B. Hall, Stanley R. Hall, Vaswald George Hall)
3D-printed tourniquet and medical device surge research.(In remembrance: Robert J. Halligan, Vincent Gerard Halloran, Carolyn B. Halmon)
Autonomous underwater vehicles for port security inspection.(In remembrance: James Douglas Halvorson, Mohammad Salman Hamdani, Felicia Hamilton)
Harbor sonar and diver detection systems.(In remembrance: Robert W. Hamilton, Carl Max Hammond, Jr., Frederic K. Han)
Container scanning with high-energy X-ray and muon tomography research.(In remembrance: Christopher James Hanley, Sean S. Hanley, Valerie Joan Hanna)
Rail hazmat tracking and positive train control (PTC) safety.(In remembrance: Thomas Paul Hannafin, Kevin James Hannaford, Sr., Michael Lawrence Hannan)
Positive Train Control nationwide deployment for collision prevention.(In remembrance: Dana Rey Hannon, Christine Lee Hanson, Peter Burton Hanson)
Highway weigh-in-motion and commercial vehicle safety screening.(In remembrance: Sue Kim Hanson, Vassilios G. Haramis, James A. Haran)
Bridge anti-collision and pier protection systems.(In remembrance: Gerald Francis Hardacre, Jeffrey Pike Hardy, T.J. Hargrave)
Tunnel ventilation and fire detection upgrades.(In remembrance: Daniel Edward Harlin, Frances Haros, Harvey L. Harrell)
Smart CCTV with privacy governance for city operations centers.(In remembrance: Stephen G. Harrell, Melissa Harrington-Hughes, Aisha Ann Harris)
Domain Awareness System-style multi-sensor urban security platforms.(In remembrance: Stewart D. Harris, John Patrick Hart, Eric Hartono)
License-to-operate cyber hygiene requirements for contractors.(In remembrance: John Clinton Hartz, Emeric Harvey, Peter Paul Hashem)
FedRAMP authorized cloud services for secure government workloads.(In remembrance: Thomas Theodore Haskell, Jr., Timothy Shawn Haskell, Joseph John Hasson III)
IL4/IL5 cloud for controlled unclassified and higher workloads.(In remembrance: Leonard W. Hatton, Jr., Terence S. Hatton, Michael Helmut Haub)
Secure mobile apps for first responders (RJIS, FirstNet apps).(In remembrance: Timothy Aaron Haviland, Donald G. Havlish, Jr., Anthony Maurice Hawkins)
Offline-capable mapping for responders in denied networks.(In remembrance: Nobuhiro Hayatsu, James Edward Hayden, Robert Jay Hayes)
Augmented reality wayfinding research for smoke-filled structures.(In remembrance: Philip T. Hayes, Ret., W. Ward Haynes, Scott Jordan Hazelcorn)
Digital twins of critical facilities for exercise and response.(In remembrance: Michael K. Healey, Roberta B. Heber, Charles Francis Xavier Heeran)
Tabletop exercise platforms and virtual reality training for EOCs.(In remembrance: John F. Heffernan, Michele M. Heidenberger, Sheila M.S. Hein)
National Level Exercise and Vibrant Response-style drills.(In remembrance: H. Joseph Heller, Jr., JoAnn L. Heltibridle, Ronald John Hemenway)
Red team / purple team exercises for physical-cyber blended threats.(In remembrance: Mark F. Hemschoot, Ronnie Lee Henderson, Brian Hennessey)
Capture-the-flag and cyber ranges for defender skill building.(In remembrance: Edward R. Hennessy, Jr., Michelle Marie Henrique, Joseph Patrick Henry)
Bug bounty programs for critical public-facing systems.(In remembrance: William L. Henry, Jr., Catherina Henry-Robinson, John Christopher Henwood)
Coordinated vulnerability disclosure policies in government.(In remembrance: Robert Allan Hepburn, Mary Herencia, Lindsay C. Herkness III)
Patch Tuesday discipline and emergency directive patching.(In remembrance: Harvey Robert Hermer, Norberto Hernandez, Raul Hernandez)
Legacy system isolation strategies for unpatchable OT.(In remembrance: Gary Herold, Jeffrey Alan Hersch, Thomas J. Hetzel)
Air-gapped backups and immutable storage against ransomware.(In remembrance: Leon Bernard Heyward MC Sundance, Brian Christopher Hickey, Enemencio Dario Hidalgo Cedeño)
Incident response retainers for cities and hospitals.(In remembrance: Timothy Brian Higgins, Robert D. W. Higley II, Todd Russell Hill)
Cyber insurance underwriting driving baseline controls.(In remembrance: Clara Victorine Hinds, Neal O. Hinds, Mark Hindy)
Third-party risk management for vendor access to sensitive systems.(In remembrance: Thomas Anderson Hobbs, James J. Hobin, Robert Wayne Hobson III)
Privileged access workstations for administrators.(In remembrance: DaJuan Hodges, Ronald G. Hoerner, Patrick A. Hoey)
Just-in-time admin access reducing standing privilege.(In remembrance: John A. Hofer, Marcia Hoffman, Stephen Gerard Hoffman)
Secrets management replacing hardcoded credentials.(In remembrance: Frederick Joseph Hoffmann, Michele L. Hoffmann, Judith Florence Hofmiller)
Code signing and artifact integrity for software updates.(In remembrance: Wallace Cole Hogan, Jr., Thomas Warren Hohlweck, Jr., Jonathan R. Hohmann)
Secure over-the-air update frameworks for vehicles and IoT.(In remembrance: Cora Hidalgo Holland, John Holland, Joseph F. Holland)
Automotive cybersecurity (ISO/SAE 21434) awareness for fleets.(In remembrance: Jimmie I. Holley, Elizabeth Holmes, Thomas P. Holohan)
Connected vehicle V2X security research for collision avoidance.(In remembrance: Herbert Wilson Homer, LeRoy W. Homer, Jr., Bradley V. Hoorn)
UAS traffic management (UTM) concepts for safe drone skies.(In remembrance: James P. Hopper, Montgomery McCullough Hord, Michael Joseph Horn)
Detect-and-avoid systems for beyond-visual-line-of-sight drones.(In remembrance: Matthew Douglas Horning, Robert L. Horohoe, Jr., Michael Robert Horrocks)
Wildfire and disaster drone mapping shared with firefighters.(In remembrance: Aaron Horwitz, Charles J. Houston, Uhuru G. Houston)
AI wildfire spread models for evacuation timing.(In remembrance: Angela M. Houtz, George Gerard Howard, Brady Kay Howell)
Flood sensors and community flood early warning networks.(In remembrance: Michael C. Howell, Steven Leon Howell, Jennifer L. Howley)
Tsunami warning buoy and siren network modernization.(In remembrance: Milagros Hromada, Marian R. Hrycak, Stephen Huczko, Jr.)
Volcano and ash-cloud aviation alerts protecting flights.(In remembrance: Kris Robert Hughes, Paul Rexford Hughes, Robert T. Hughes, Jr.)
Space weather alerts protecting GPS and power grids.(In remembrance: Thomas F. Hughes, Jr., Timothy Robert Hughes, Susan Huie)
GPS backup / eLoran and PNT resilience research.(In remembrance: Lamar Demetrius Hulse, John Nicholas Humber, Jr., William Christopher Hunt)
Anti-jam and authenticated GNSS research for critical timing.(In remembrance: Kathleen Anne Hunt-Casey, Joseph Gerard Hunter, Peggie M. Hurt)
Precision timing for financial and power systems resilience.(In remembrance: Robert R. Hussa, Stephen N. Hyland, Jr., Robert J. Hymel)
Undersea cable protection awareness and diverse routing.(In remembrance: Thomas Edward Hynes, Walter G. Hynes, Joseph Anthony Ianelli)
Satellite mega-constellations for resilient communications.(In remembrance: Zuhtu Ibis, Jonathan Lee Ielpi, Michael Patrick Iken)
Starlink and commercial SATCOM for disaster connectivity.(In remembrance: Daniel Ilkanayev, Frederick J. Ill, Jr., Abraham Nethanel Ilowitz)
High-altitude pseudo-satellites for temporary coverage.(In remembrance: Anthony P. Infante, Jr., Louis S. Inghilterra, Christopher Noble Ingrassia)
Portable cell-on-wheels (COW) and COLTs for event/disaster coverage.(In remembrance: Paul Innella, Stephanie Veronica Irby, Douglas Jason Irgang)
Public Wi-Fi captive portals with emergency information modes.(In remembrance: Kristin Irvine-Ryan, Todd Antione Isaac, Erik Hans Isbrandtsen)
ATM and fuel station generator requirements in continuity plans.(In remembrance: Taizo Ishikawa, Waleed Joseph Iskandar, Aram Iskenderian, Jr.)
Fuel prioritization frameworks for emergency fleets.(In remembrance: John F. Iskyan, Kazushige Ito, Aleksandr Valeryevich Ivantsov)
Emergency fuel waivers and Jones Act flexibilities in crises.(In remembrance: Lacey Bernard Ivory, Virginia May Jablonski, Bryan C. Jack)
Strategic Petroleum Reserve drawdown playbooks.(In remembrance: Brooke Alexandra Jackman, Aaron Jeremy Jacobs, Ariel Louis Jacobs)
Food bank logistics surge models after disruptions.(In remembrance: Jason Kyle Jacobs, Michael G. Jacobs, Steven A. Jacobson)
Cold-chain integrity sensors for vaccine and blood transport.(In remembrance: Steven D. Jacoby, Ricknauth Jaggernauth, Jake Denis Jagoda)
Blood donation surge campaigns coordinated after mass violence.(In remembrance: Yudhvir S. Jain, Maria Jakubiak, Robert Adrien Jalbert)
National blood shortage early warning dashboards.(In remembrance: Ernest James, Gricelda E. James, Mark Steven Jardim)
Organ and tissue donation continuity during disasters.(In remembrance: Amy Nicole Jarret, Muhammadou Jawara, Francois Jean-Pierre)
Mortuary surge and dignified remains management protocols.(In remembrance: Maxima Jean-Pierre, Paul Edward Jeffers, John Charles Jenkins)
Cultural and religious sensitivity guides for mass fatality care.(In remembrance: Joseph Jenkins, Jr., Alan Keith Jensen, Prem Nath Jerath)
Multifaith chaplain coordination in family assistance centers.(In remembrance: Farah Jeudy, Hweidar Jian, Eliezer Jimenez, Jr.)
Translation of death notification best practices.(In remembrance: Luis Jimenez, Jr., Charles Gregory John, Nicholas John)
Child tracing and unaccompanied minor protocols in evacuations.(In remembrance: Dennis M. Johnson, LaShawna Johnson, Scott Michael Johnson)
Elderly and disability registry systems for evacuation assistance.(In remembrance: William R. Johnston, Allison Horstmann Jones, Arthur Joseph Jones III)
Accessible transportation contracts for emergency evacuation.(In remembrance: Brian Leander Jones, Charles Edward Jones, Christopher D. Jones)
Hotel sheltering agreements pre-negotiated by emergency managers.(In remembrance: Donald T. Jones II, Donald W. Jones, Judith Lawter Jones)
Non-congregate sheltering lessons for dignity and infection control.(In remembrance: Linda Jones, Mary S. Jones, Andrew Brian Jordan, Sr.)
Household pet sheltering standards alongside human shelters.(In remembrance: Robert Thomas Jordan, Albert Gunnis Joseph, Ingeborg Joseph)
Livestock and agricultural emergency response plans.(In remembrance: Karl Henry Joseph, Stephen Joseph, Jane Eileen Josiah)
Foreign animal disease surveillance protecting food security.(In remembrance: Anthony Jovic, Angel L. Juarbe, Jr., Karen Sue Juday)
Agroterrorism awareness for extension agents and producers.(In remembrance: Ann C. Judge, Mychal F. Judge, Paul William Jurgens)
Food Defense plans for processing plants (FDA/USDA).(In remembrance: Thomas Edward Jurgens, Shashikiran Lakshmikantha Kadaba, Gavkharoy Kamardinova)
FDA Food Safety Modernization Act preventive controls.(In remembrance: Shari Kandell, Howard Lee Kane, Jennifer Lynn Kane)
Intentional adulteration rule for food facilities.(In remembrance: Vincent D. Kane, Joon Koo Kang, Sheldon Robert Kanter)
Pharmaceutical supply-chain serialization against diversion.(In remembrance: Deborah H. Kaplan, Robin Lynne Kaplan, Alvin Peter Kappelmann, Jr.)
DSCSA tracing for prescription drugs.(In remembrance: Charles H. Karczewski, William A. Karnes, Douglas Gene Karpiloff)
Cold-chain IoT for insulin and specialty meds in disasters.(In remembrance: Charles L. Kasper, Andrew K. Kates, John A. Katsimatides)
Hospital generator and fuel testing compliance upgrades.(In remembrance: Robert Michael Kaulfers, Don Jerome Kauth, Jr., Hideya Kawauchi)
HVAC filtration and airborne infection isolation room standards.(In remembrance: Edward T. Keane, Richard M. Keane, Lisa Yvonne Kearney-Griffin)
Negative-pressure ambulance designs for contagious patients.(In remembrance: Karol Ann Keasler, Barbara A. Keating, Paul Hanlon Keating)
EMS powered air-purifying respirator (PAPR) protocols.(In remembrance: Leo Russell Keene III, Brenda Kegler, Chandler Raymond Keller)
Fire service cancer prevention (contaminant control) programs.(In remembrance: Joseph John Keller, Peter R. Kellerman, Joseph P. Kellett)
Extractors and gear cleaning reducing firefighter carcinogen exposure.(In remembrance: Frederick H. Kelley III, James Joseph Kelly, Joseph A. Kelly)
PFAS-aware firefighting foam transitions.(In remembrance: Maurice P. Kelly, Richard John Kelly, Jr., Thomas Michael Kelly)
Green chemistry foam research for ARFF and structural firefighting.(In remembrance: Thomas Richard Kelly, Thomas W. Kelly, Timothy Colin Kelly)
Electric vehicle fire response tactics for first responders.(In remembrance: William Hill Kelly, Jr., Robert Clinton Kennedy, Thomas J. Kennedy)
Lithium-ion battery fire containment tools.(In remembrance: Yvonne E. Kennedy, John Richard Keohane, Ralph Francis Kershaw)
High-rise lithium battery storage fire code updates.(In remembrance: Ronald T. Kerwin, Howard L. Kestenbaum, Douglas D. Ketcham)
Energy storage system (ESS) fire safety standards.(In remembrance: Ruth Ellen Ketler, Boris Khalif, Norma Cruz Khan)
Hydrogen facility response guides for emerging energy sites.(In remembrance: Sarah Khan, Taimour Firaz Khan, Rajesh Khandelwal)
LNG terminal emergency planning zones.(In remembrance: SeiLai Khoo, Michael Vernon Kiefer, Satoshi Kikuchihara)
Ammonia refrigeration leak response for food warehouses.(In remembrance: Andrew Jay-Hoon Kim, Lawrence Don Kim, Mary Jo Kimelman)
Chlorine and chemical railcar response playbooks.(In remembrance: Heinrich Kimmig, Karen Ann Kincaid, Amy R. King)
Emergency Response Guidebook (ERG) continuous updates.(In remembrance: Andrew M. King, Lucille Teresa King, Robert King, Jr.)
WISER and CAMEO tools for hazmat decision support.(In remembrance: Lisa King-Johnson, Brian K. Kinney, Takashi Kinoshita)
Plume modeling software for evacuation zone decisions.(In remembrance: Chris Michael Kirby, Howard Barry Kirschbaum, Glenn Davis Kirwin)
Reverse 911 / community notification calling systems.(In remembrance: Helen Crossin Kittle, Richard Joseph Klares, Peter Anton Klein)
Opt-in county alert apps alongside WEA.(In remembrance: Alan David Kleinberg, Karen Joyce Klitzman, Ronald Philip Kloepfer)
Siren networks rehabilitated for outdoor warning.(In remembrance: Eugueni Kniazev, Andrew James Knox, Thomas Patrick Knox)
Earthquake-resistant hospital and firehouse retrofit programs.(In remembrance: Rebecca Lee Koborie, Deborah A. Kobus, Gary Edward Koecheler)
Seismic gas shutoff valves reducing post-quake fire risk.(In remembrance: Frank J. Koestner, Ryan Kohart, Vanessa Lynn Przybylo Kolpak)
Fire-resistant building materials research for tall timber and steel.(In remembrance: Irina Kolpakova, Suzanne Rose Kondratenko, Abdoulaye Koné)
Intumescent coatings and fireproofing inspection regimes.(In remembrance: Bon Seok Koo, Dorota Kopiczko, Scott Michael Kopytko)
Post-fire structural assessment drones and LIDAR.(In remembrance: Bojan George Kostic, Danielle Kousoulis, David P. Kovalcin)
Urban canyon communications research for radio coverage.(In remembrance: John J. Kren, William Edward Krukowski, Lyudmila Ksido)
In-building cellular and ERRCS (emergency responder radio coverage).(In remembrance: Toshiya Kuge, Shekhar Kumar, Kenneth Bruce Kumpel)
Bi-directional amplifiers for subterranean transit radio.(In remembrance: Frederick Kuo, Jr., Patricia A. Kuras, Nauka Kushitani)
Tunnel leaky-feeder systems for firefighter communications.(In remembrance: Thomas Joseph Kuveikis, Victor Kwarkye, Raymond Kui Fai Kwok)
Mayday and RIT (rapid intervention team) training standards.(In remembrance: Angela Reed Kyte, Andrew La Corte, Carol Ann La Plante)
Firefighter escape systems and personal bailout kits.(In remembrance: Jeffrey G. La Touche, Kathryn L. LaBorie, Amarnauth Lachhman)
Thermal imaging cameras as standard engine company tools.(In remembrance: Ganesh K. Ladkat, James Patrick Ladley, Joseph A. Lafalce)
Electric and hybrid fire apparatus reducing station emissions.(In remembrance: Jeanette Louise Lafond-Menichino, David James LaForge, Michael Patrick LaForte)
Ergonomic stretcher power-load systems reducing EMS injuries.(In remembrance: Alan Charles LaFrance, Juan Mendez Lafuente, Neil Kwong-Wah Lai)
Mechanical CPR devices for high-rise and prolonged transport.(In remembrance: Vincent Anthony Laieta, William David Lake, Franco Lalama)
ECMO surge planning for severe respiratory failure.(In remembrance: Chow Kwan Lam, Michael S. Lamana, Stephen LaMantia)
Burn surge caches and regional burn bed coordination.(In remembrance: Amy Hope Lamonsoff, Robert T. Lane, Brendan Mark Lang)
Telecritical care connecting rural hospitals to specialists.(In remembrance: Rosanne P. Lang, Vanessa Lang Langer, Mary Lou Langley)
Drone delivery research for emergency AED/defibrillator access.(In remembrance: Peter J. Langone, Thomas Michael Langone, Michele Bernadette Lanza)
Blood-carrying drone pilots for remote trauma scenes.(In remembrance: Ruth Sheila Lapin, Ingeborg A.D. Lariby, Robin Blair Larkey)
Autonomous ambulance research with remote clinician oversight.(In remembrance: Judith Camilla Larocque, Christopher Randall Larrabee, Hamidou S. Larry)
Connected ambulance telemetry to receiving trauma bays.(In remembrance: Scott Larsen, John Adam Larson, Natalie Janis Lasden)
Trauma center verification and ACS COT standards spread.(In remembrance: Gary Edward Lasko, Nicholas Craig Lassman, Paul Laszczynski)
Stop the Bleed in airports, stadiums, and houses of worship.(In remembrance: Charles A. Laurencin, Stephen James Lauria, Maria LaVache)
Public access bleeding control stations next to AED cabinets.(In remembrance: Denis Francis Lavelle, Jeannine Mary LaVerde, Anna A. Laverty)
Hemorrhage-control education in workplace OSHA-adjacent training.(In remembrance: Steven Lawn, Robert A. Lawrence, Jr., Nathaniel Lawson)
Tactical combat lessons applied to civilian tourniquet doctrine.(In remembrance: David W. Laychak, Eugen Gabriel Lazar, James Patrick Leahy)
Pediatric tourniquet sizing and training awareness.(In remembrance: Joseph Gerard Leavey, Neil J. Leavy, Robert G. LeBlanc)
Obstetric hemorrhage kits for maternity units in disasters.(In remembrance: Leon Lebor, Kenneth Charles Ledee, Alan J. Lederman)
Mass-casualty ambulance bus and MCI trailers.(In remembrance: Elena F. Ledesma, Alexis Leduc, Daniel John Lee)
Field hospital deployable shelters for surge.(In remembrance: David S. Lee, Dong Chul Lee, Gary H. Lee)
Federal medical stations for large incidents.(In remembrance: Hyun Joon Lee, Juanita Lee, Kathryn Blair Lee)
DMAT and NDMS medical team deployment readiness.(In remembrance: Linda C. Lee, Lorraine Mary Greene Lee, Myoung Woo Lee)
Veterinary Medical Assistance Teams for animal disaster needs.(In remembrance: Richard Y.C. Lee, Stuart Soo-Jin Lee, Yang Der Lee)
Urban Search and Rescue canine search specialist programs.(In remembrance: Stephen Paul Lefkowitz, Adriana Legro, Edward Joseph Lehman)
FEMA US&R specialty teams (hazmat, structures, medics).(In remembrance: Eric Lehrfeld, David R. Leistman, David Prudencio Lemagne)
Technical rescue: trench, confined space, high-angle standardization.(In remembrance: Joseph Anthony Lenihan, John Joseph Lennon, Jr., John Robinson Lenoir)
Swiftwater and flood rescue team proliferation.(In remembrance: Jorge Luis León, Sr., Matthew G. Leonard, Michael Lepore)
Helicopter short-haul and hoist rescue capability growth.(In remembrance: Charles A. Lesperance, Jeff LeVeen, John Dennis Levi)
Night-vision air ambulance operations expansion.(In remembrance: Alisha Caren Levin, Neil David Levin, Robert Levine)
HEMS weather decision tools reducing aviation EMS accidents.(In remembrance: Robert Michael Levine, Shai Levinhar, Daniel M. Lewin)
Wire-strike protection and helicopter safety kits.(In remembrance: Adam Jay Lewis, Jennifer Lewis, Kenneth E. Lewis)
ADS-B In traffic displays for emergency aircraft.(In remembrance: Margaret Susan Lewis, Ye Wei Liang, Orasri Liangthanasarn)
Public-safety aviation FLIR for missing persons and fire mapping.(In remembrance: Daniel F. Libretti, Ralph Michael Licciardi, Edward Lichtschein)
Law enforcement sUAS programs with privacy policies.(In remembrance: Samantha L. Lightbourn-Allen, Steven Barry Lillianthal, Carlos R. Lillo)
Evidence drones for crash and crime scene documentation.(In remembrance: Craig Damian Lilore, Arnold Arboleda Lim, Darya Lin)
3D laser scanning for investigative reconstruction.(In remembrance: Wei Rong Lin, Nickie L. Lindo, Thomas V. Linehan, Jr.)
Rapid DNA for booking and investigative leads (policy-bound).(In remembrance: Robert Thomas Linnane, Alan Patrick Linton, Jr., Diane Theresa Lipari)
Familial DNA searching with legal and ethical frameworks.(In remembrance: Kenneth P. Lira Arévalo, Francisco Alberto Liriano, Lorraine Lisi)
Genetic genealogy for cold cases (distinct from terror response).(In remembrance: Paul Lisson, Vincent M. Litto, Ming-Hao Liu)
Ballistics NIBIN network improvements.(In remembrance: Nancy Liz, Harold Lizcano, Martin Lizzul)
National Integrated Ballistic Information Network hits.(In remembrance: George A. Llanes, Elizabeth C. Logler, Catherine Lisa Loguidice)
ATF eTrace for firearm tracing speed.(In remembrance: Jérôme Robert Lohez, Michael William Lomax, Stephen V. Long)
Explosive taggants and detection research.(In remembrance: Laura Maria Longing, Salvatore P. Lopes, Daniel Lopez)
Peroxide-based explosive detectors after aviation plots.(In remembrance: George Lopez, Luis Manuel Lopez, Maclovio Lopez, Jr.)
Millimeter-wave and terahertz imaging research for concealed threats.(In remembrance: Manuel L. Lopez, Joseph Lostrangio, Chet Dek Louie)
Walkthrough explosives detectors in high-security lobbies.(In remembrance: Stuart Seid Louis, Joseph Lovero, Sara Elizabeth Low)
Magnetic anomaly detection for weapons at soft targets.(In remembrance: Jenny Seu Kueng Low Wong, Michael W. Lowe, Garry W. Lozier)
AI weapons detection on CCTV (human-reviewed alerts).(In remembrance: John P. Lozowsky, Charles Peter Lucania, Edward Hobbs Luckett II)
School weapons detection systems with privacy tradeoff debates.(In remembrance: Mark Gavin Ludvigsen, Lee Charles Ludwig, Sean Thomas Lugano)
Clear bag policies at stadiums reducing concealment risk.(In remembrance: Daniel Lugo, Marie Lukas, William Lum, Jr.)
Magnetometer lanes at concerts and arenas.(In remembrance: Michael P. Lunden, Christopher E. Lunder, Anthony Luparello)
Temporary vehicle checkpoints with LPR support.(In remembrance: Gary Frederick Lutnick, Linda Anne Luzzicone, Alexander Lygin)
Mobile vehicle X-ray for VIP and special-event security.(In remembrance: CeeCee Lyles, Farrell Peter Lynch, James Francis Lynch)
Under-vehicle inspection systems (UVIS) at gates.(In remembrance: James T. Lynch, Jr., Louise A. Lynch, Michael Cameron Lynch)
Anti-drone nets and directed-energy counter-UAS research.(In remembrance: Michael Francis Lynch, Richard D. Lynch, Jr., Robert Henry Lynch, Jr.)
Airport C-UAS detection layers recommended by FAA/DHS.(In remembrance: Sean P. Lynch, Sean Patrick Lynch, Terence M. Lynch)
Stadium C-UAS monitoring during major events.(In remembrance: Michael J. Lyons, Monica Anne Lyons, Nehamon Lyons IV)
Prison contraband drone detection systems.(In remembrance: Patrick John Lyons, Robert Francis Mace, Marianne MacFarlane)
Border tunnel detection sensors and ground-penetrating radar.(In remembrance: Jan Maciejewski, Susan A. Mackay, Catherine Fairfax MacRae)
Seismic and acoustic sensors for subterranean intrusion.(In remembrance: Richard Blaine Madden, Simon Maddison, Noell C. Maerz)
Border surveillance aerostats and towers.(In remembrance: Jennieann Maffeo, Joseph Maffeo, Jay Robert Magazine)
Autonomous border patrol ground robots (pilots).(In remembrance: Brian Magee, Charles W. Magee, Joseph V. Maggitti)
Maritime domain awareness dashboards for ports.(In remembrance: Ronald Magnuson, Daniel L. Maher, Thomas A. Mahon)
Dark vessel detection using RF and SAR satellites.(In remembrance: William J. Mahoney, Joseph Daniel Maio, Linda C. Mair-Grayling)
AIS spoofing detection for maritime security.(In remembrance: Takashi Makimoto, Abdu Ali Malahi, Debora I. Maldonado)
Port worker biometric access control.(In remembrance: Myrna T. Maldonado-Agosto, Alfred Russell Maler, Gregory James Malone)
Cruise ship passenger accountability and muster tech.(In remembrance: Edward Francis Maloney III, Joseph E. Maloney, Gene Edward Maloy)
Ferry terminal screening adaptations.(In remembrance: Christian H. Maltby, Francisco Miguel Mancini, Joseph Mangano)
Bus and motorcoach operator security training.(In remembrance: Sara Elizabeth Manley, Debra M. Mannetta, Marion Victoria Manning)
Over-the-road trucking hazmat security plans.(In remembrance: Terence John Manning, James Maounis, Alfred Gilles Padre Joseph Marchand)
Highway watch / trucker tip programs.(In remembrance: Joseph Ross Marchbanks, Jr., Laura A. Marchese, Hilda Marcin)
Rest-area and truck-stop security lighting CPTED.(In remembrance: Peter Edward Mardikian, Edward Joseph Mardovich, Charles Joseph Margiotta)
Cargo theft analytics protecting supply chains.(In remembrance: Louis Neil Mariani, Kenneth Joseph Marino, Lester V. Marino)
Seal and container integrity IoT sensors.(In remembrance: Vita Marino, Kevin D. Marlo, Jose Juan Marrero)
Blockchain pilots for provenance of high-risk goods.(In remembrance: John Daniel Marshall, Shelley A. Marshall, James Martello)
Pharmaceutical track-and-trace against counterfeit meds.(In remembrance: Michael A. Marti, Karen Ann Martin, Peter C. Martin)
Opioid and fentanyl interdiction tools at mail facilities.(In remembrance: Teresa M. Martin, William J. Martin, Jr., Brian E. Martineau)
Mail screening upgrades for chemical and explosive threats.(In remembrance: Betsy Martinez, Edward J. Martinez, Jose Angel Martinez, Jr.)
USPS and private carrier hazardous mail protocols.(In remembrance: Robert Gabriel Martinez, Waleska Martinez, Lizie D. Martinez-Calderon)
Anthrax and white-powder response SOPs for mailrooms.(In remembrance: Paul Richard Martini, Anne Marie Martino-Cramer, Joseph A. Mascali)
Biological personal protective equipment for postal inspectors.(In remembrance: Bernard Mascarenhas, Stephen Frank Masi, Ada L. Mason-Acker)
Environmental sampling robots for contaminated spaces.(In remembrance: Nicholas George Massa, Michael Massaroli, Philip William Mastrandrea, Jr.)
UV and vaporized hydrogen peroxide decontamination systems.(In remembrance: Rudy Mastrocinque, Joseph Mathai, Charles William Mathers)
Wide-area decontamination research after CBRN scenarios.(In remembrance: William A. Mathesen, Marcello Matricciano, Margaret Elaine Mattic)
Indoor air quality sensors for building security operations.(In remembrance: Dean E. Mattson, Robert D. Mattson, Walter A. Matuza, Jr.)
Smart building access control with identity federation.(In remembrance: Timothy J. Maude, Jill Maurer-Campbell, Charles A. Mauro, Jr.)
Badgeless biometric entry for high-security labs.(In remembrance: Charles J. Mauro, Dorothy Mauro, Nancy T. Mauro)
Visitor management systems with watchlist screening.(In remembrance: Robert J. Maxwell, Renée A. May, Tyrone May)
Contractor escort and time-bound badge provisioning.(In remembrance: Keithroy Marcellus Maynard, Robert J. Mayo, Kathy N. Mazza)
Tailgating detection at secure doors.(In remembrance: Edward Mazzella, Jr., Jennifer Lynn Mazzotta, Kaaria Mbaya)
Mantrap / sally port designs for data centers and labs.(In remembrance: James Joseph McAlary, Jr., Brian Gerard McAleese, Patricia Ann McAneney)
Faraday and TEMPEST-aware rooms for sensitive operations.(In remembrance: Colin R. McArthur, John Kevin McAvoy, Kenneth M. McBrayer)
SCIF construction standards proliferation.(In remembrance: Brendan F. McCabe, Michael McCabe, Thomas Joseph McCann)
Insider threat programs combining HR, cyber, and security.(In remembrance: Justin McCarthy, Kevin M. McCarthy, Michael Desmond McCarthy)
User behavior analytics (UBA) for anomalous access.(In remembrance: Robert G. McCarthy, Stanley McCaskill, Katie Marie McCloskey)
Data loss prevention (DLP) for sensitive government data.(In remembrance: Juliana Valentine McCourt, Ruth Magdaline McCourt, Charles Austin McCrann)
CasB and SSE cloud security for hybrid workforces.(In remembrance: Tonyell F. McDay, Matthew T. McDermott, Joseph P. McDonald)
Secure telework frameworks post-crisis remote work surges.(In remembrance: Brian Grady McDonnell, Michael P. McDonnell, John F. McDowell, Jr.)
VDI and zero-trust remote access for cleared staff.(In remembrance: Eamon J. McEneaney, John Thomas McErlean, Jr., Daniel Francis McGinley)
Continuous evaluation for security clearances.(In remembrance: Mark Ryan McGinly, William E. McGinn, Thomas Henry McGinnis)
e-QIP / eApp modernization for clearance processing.(In remembrance: Michael Gregory McGinty, Ann Walsh McGovern, Scott Martin McGovern)
Personnel vetting predictive analytics (careful, audited use).(In remembrance: William J. McGovern, Stacey Sennas McGowan, Francis Noel McGuinn)
Polygraph and lifestyle investigation process reforms.(In remembrance: Thomas F. McGuinness, Jr., Patrick J. McGuire, Thomas M. McHale)
Whistleblower channels for security concerns without retaliation.(In remembrance: Keith David McHeffey, Ann M. McHugh, Denis J. McHugh III)
Protected disclosure frameworks for aviation and nuclear workers.(In remembrance: Dennis P. McHugh, Michael Edward McHugh, Jr., Robert G. McIlvaine)
Just culture adaptations balancing accountability and learning.(In remembrance: Donald James McIntyre, Stephanie Marie McKenna, Molly L. McKenzie)
National Transportation Safety Board lessons applied beyond aviation.(In remembrance: Barry J. McKeon, Evelyn C. McKinnedy, Darryl Leron McKinney)
Serious incident learning systems in hospitals (PSI reporting).(In remembrance: George Patrick McLaughlin, Jr., Robert C. McLaughlin, Jr., Gavin McMahon)
Near-miss reporting apps for first responders.(In remembrance: Robert D. McMahon, Edmund M. McNally, Daniel Walker McNeal)
Blue-ocean safety culture research after high-reliability orgs.(In remembrance: Walter Arthur McNeil, Christine Sheila McNulty, Sean Peter McNulty)
Crew resource management (CRM) adapted to emergency medicine.(In remembrance: Robert William McPadden, Terence A. McShane, Timothy Patrick McSweeney)
Fireground CRM and mayday communications discipline.(In remembrance: Martin E. McWilliams, Rocco A. Medaglia, Abigail Medina)
Police tactical communications brevity and clarity training.(In remembrance: Ana Iris Medina, Damian Meehan, William J. Meehan, Jr.)
Interpreter on-scene video for multilingual emergencies.(In remembrance: Alok Kumar Mehta, Raymond Meisenheimer, Manuel Emilio Mejia)
Body language and cultural competency training for responders.(In remembrance: Eskedar Melaku, Antonio Melendez, Mary P. Melendez)
Community policing trust-building as terrorism prevention substrate.(In remembrance: Christopher D. Mello, Yelena Melnichenko, Stuart Todd Meltzer)
Immigrant community liaison officers reducing tip hesitancy.(In remembrance: Diarelia Jovanah Mena, Dora Marie Menchaca, Charles R. Mendez)
Hate incident hotlines after spikes in community fear.(In remembrance: Lizette Mendoza, Shevonne Olicia Mentis, Wolfgang Peter Menzel)
Youth mentoring as violence-prevention social infrastructure.(In remembrance: Steve John Mercado, Wesley Mercer, Ralph Joseph Mercurio)
After-school and opportunity programs reducing recruitment vulnerability.(In remembrance: Alan Harvey Merdinger, George L. Merino, Yamel Josefina Merino)
Sports and arts programs as community resilience builders.(In remembrance: George Merkouris, Deborah Merrick, Raymond Joseph Metz III)
Local journalism support as rumor-resistant information infrastructure.(In remembrance: Jill Ann Metzler, David Robert Meyer, Nurul H. Miah)
Public media emergency information partnerships.(In remembrance: William Edward Micciulli, Martin Paul Michelstein, Patricia E. Mickley)
Emergency manager–PIO joint information center (JIC) doctrine.(In remembrance: Ronald D. Milam, Peter Teague Milano, Gregory Milanowycz)
Rumor control websites during major incidents.(In remembrance: Lukasz Tomasz Milewski, Sharon Christina Millan, Corey Peter Miller)
Prebunking and inoculation messaging against extremist propaganda.(In remembrance: Craig J. Miller, Douglas C. Miller, Henry Alfred Miller, Jr.)
Digital literacy curricula for deepfakes and scam emergencies.(In remembrance: Joel Miller, Michael Matthew Miller, Nicole Carol Miller)
Elder fraud and terror-finance adjacent scam awareness.(In remembrance: Philip D. Miller, Robert Alan Miller, Robert Cromwell Miller, Jr.)
Business email compromise defenses for critical operators.(In remembrance: Benny Millman, Charles M. Mills, Jr., Ronald Keith Milstein)
SIM-swap and MFA resilience for executives of critical firms.(In remembrance: Robert J. Minara, William George Minardi, Louis Joseph Minervino)
Executive protection digital threat monitoring.(In remembrance: Thomas Mingione, Wilbert Miraille, Domenick N. Mircovich)
Doxxing response playbooks for public officials and journalists.(In remembrance: Rajesh Arjan Mirpuri, Joseph D. Mistrulli, Susan J. Miszkowicz)
Newsroom security training after attacks on media.(In remembrance: Paul Thomas Mitchell, Richard P. Miuccio, Jeffrey Peter Mladenik)
Journalist protective equipment and hostile environment courses.(In remembrance: Frank V. Moccia, Sr., Louis Joseph Modafferi, Boyie Mohammed)
NGO worker security training for high-risk deployments.(In remembrance: Dennis Mojica, Manuel D. Mojica, Jr., Kleber Rolando Molina)
Humanitarian notification systems to reduce mis-targeting.(In remembrance: Manuel De Jesus Molina, Carl Molinaro, Justin John Molisani, Jr.)
Civilian harm mitigation cells in military operations.(In remembrance: Brian Patrick Monaghan, Franklyn Monahan, John Gerard Monahan)
Battle damage assessment transparency reforms.(In remembrance: Kristen Leigh Montanaro, Craig Montano, Michael G. Montesi)
Precision guidance and LOAC training reducing civilian harm.(In remembrance: Carlos Alberto Montoya, Antonio De Jesus Montoya Valdes, Cheryl Ann Monyak)
No-strike list and cultural site protection in targeting systems.(In remembrance: Thomas Carlo Moody, Sharon Moore, Krishna V. Moorthy)
Human rights attorney embedding in operational legal reviews.(In remembrance: Laura Lee Defazio Morabito, Abner Morales, Carlos Manuel Morales)
International partner capacity building for aviation security.(In remembrance: Paula E. Morales, Sonia Mercedes Morales Puopolo, Gerard P. Moran, Jr.)
ICAO aviation security standards updates post-9/11.(In remembrance: John Christopher Moran, John Michael Moran, Kathleen Moran)
Foreign airport assessment programs for last-point-of-departure.(In remembrance: Lindsay Stapleton Morehouse, George William Morell, Steven P. Morello)
Air marshals and in-cabin security international cooperation.(In remembrance: Vincent S. Morello, Yvette Nicole Moreno, Dorothy Morgan)
Extradition and MLATs strengthened for terrorism cases.(In remembrance: Richard J. Morgan, Nancy Morgenstern, Sanae Mori)
Military commission and federal prosecution pathways (debated, refined).(In remembrance: Blanca Robertina Morocho Morocho, Leonel Geronimo Morocho Morocho, Dennis Gerard Moroney)
High-value detainee interrogation protocol reforms.(In remembrance: Lynne Irene Morris, Odessa V. Morris, Seth Allan Morris)
Watchlisting redress (DHS TRIP) for misidentified travelers.(In remembrance: Steve Morris, Christopher Martel Morrison, Ferdinand V. Morrone)
Privacy Impact Assessments mandated for new security tech.(In remembrance: William David Moskal, Brian A. Moss, Marco Motroni)
Civil liberties oversight boards reviewing counterterror programs.(In remembrance: Cynthia Motus-Wilson, Iouri A. Mouchinski, Jude Joseph Moussa)
FISA and surveillance law debates shaping oversight technology.(In remembrance: Peter Moutos, Damion O’Neil Mowatt, Teddington H. Moy)
Minimization procedures in intelligence collection systems.(In remembrance: Christopher Michael Mozzillo, Stephen Vincent Mulderry, Richard T. Muldowney, Jr.)
Audit logging for queries against sensitive databases.(In remembrance: Michael D. Mullan, Dennis Michael Mulligan, Peter James Mulligan)
Role-based access to fusion center information.(In remembrance: Michael Joseph Mullin, James Donald Munhall, Nancy Muñiz)
Privacy officers embedded in fusion centers.(In remembrance: Francisco Heladio Munoz, Carlos Mario Muñoz, Theresa Munson)
Public dashboards for grant spending accountability.(In remembrance: Robert Michael Murach, Cesar Augusto Murillo, Marc A. Murolo)
Performance metrics for homeland security grants.(In remembrance: Brian Joseph Murphy, Charles Anthony Murphy, Christopher W. Murphy)
Threat Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment (THIRA) process.(In remembrance: Edward Charles Murphy, James F. Murphy IV, James Thomas Murphy)
Stakeholder Preparedness Review (SPR) for capability gaps.(In remembrance: Kevin James Murphy, Patrick Jude Murphy, Patrick Sean Murphy)
Emergency Management Accreditation Program (EMAP) standards.(In remembrance: Raymond E. Murphy, Robert Eddie Murphy, Jr., John Joseph Murray)
NFPA 1600/1616 continuity and mass evacuation standards uptake.(In remembrance: Susan D. Murray, Valerie Victoria Murray, Richard Todd Myhre)
ISO 22301 business continuity certification growth.(In remembrance: Louis J. Nacke II, Robert B. Nagel, Mildred Rose Naiman)
NIST Cybersecurity Framework adoption across sectors.(In remembrance: Takuya Nakamura, Alexander John Robert Napier, Frank Joseph Naples III)
NIST SP 800-53 control catalogs for federal systems.(In remembrance: John Philip Napolitano, Catherine Ann Nardella, Mario Nardone, Jr.)
CMMC and defense industrial base cybersecurity requirements.(In remembrance: Manika K. Narula, Shawn M. Nassaney, Narender Nath)
Defense Federal Acquisition cyber clauses.(In remembrance: Karen Susan Navarro, Joseph M. Navas, Francis Joseph Nazario)
Software composition analysis for DoD and critical vendors.(In remembrance: Glenroy I. Neblett, Rayman Marcus Neblett, Jerome O. Nedd)
Hardware Trojan detection research for trusted electronics.(In remembrance: Laurence F. Nedell, Luke G. Nee, Pete Negron)
Trusted Foundry and secure microelectronics initiatives.(In remembrance: Laurie Ann Neira, Ann N. Nelson, David William Nelson)
CHIPS Act-aligned domestic semiconductor resilience.(In remembrance: Ginger Risco Nelson, James A. Nelson, Michele Ann Nelson)
Rare-earth and critical minerals supply diversification.(In remembrance: Peter Allen Nelson, Oscar Francis Nesbitt, Gerard Terence Nevins)
Strategic materials stockpiles for defense production.(In remembrance: Renee Tetreault Newell, Christopher C. Newton, Christopher Newton-Carter)
Defense Production Act use for emergency manufacturing.(In remembrance: Nancy Yuen Ngo, Khang Ngoc Nguyen, Jody Tepedino Nichilo)
Ventilator and PPE DPA lessons for future surges.(In remembrance: Kathleen Ann Nicosia, Martin Stewart Niederer, Alfonse Joseph Niedermeyer)
Domestic N95 manufacturing restart capacity.(In remembrance: Frank John Niestadt, Jr., Gloria Nieves, Juan Nieves, Jr.)
Reusable elastomeric respirator programs for health workers.(In remembrance: Troy Edward Nilsen, Paul Nimbley, John Ballantine Niven)
UV-C room disinfection robots in hospitals.(In remembrance: Katherine McGarry Noack, Curtis Terrance Noel, Michael A. Noeth)
Copper and antimicrobial surface research for high-touch areas.(In remembrance: Daniel R. Nolan, Robert Walter Noonan, Jacqueline June Norton)
Touchless building interfaces reducing fomite risk in crises.(In remembrance: Robert Grant Norton, Daniela Rosalia Notaro, Brian Christopher Novotny)
Queue management reducing crowding at screening points.(In remembrance: Soichi Numata, Brian Nunez, Jose Nunez)
Airport design: sterile vs. public flow separation refinements.(In remembrance: Jeffrey Roger Nussbaum, James A. Oakley, Dennis Patrick O’Berg)
Blast-resistant airport glazing and check-in hall design.(In remembrance: James P. O’Brien, Jr., Michael P. O’Brien, Scott J. O’Brien)
Landside vehicle standoff distances at terminals.(In remembrance: Timothy Michael O’Brien, Daniel O’Callaghan, Dennis James O’Connor, Jr.)
Curbside management reducing VBIED exposure.(In remembrance: Diana J. O’Connor, Keith Kevin O’Connor, Richard J. O’Connor)
Random employee screening at airports and ports.(In remembrance: Amy O’Doherty, Marni Pont O’Doherty, Douglas E. Oelschlager)
Insider threat training for aviation employees.(In remembrance: Takashi Ogawa, Albert Ogletree, Philip Paul Ognibene)
Sterile area access biometric pilots.(In remembrance: John A. Ogonowski, James Andrew O’Grady, Joseph J. Ogren)
Airport worker fingerprint and CHRC process modernization.(In remembrance: Thomas G. O’Hagan, Samuel Oitice, Patrick J. O’Keefe)
Flight kitchen and catering security seals.(In remembrance: William O’Keefe, Gerald Michael Olcott, Gerald Thomas O’Leary)
Aircraft cleaning crew security protocols.(In remembrance: Christine Anne Olender, Linda Mary Oliva, Edward K. Oliver)
Lavatory smoke detector and cabin surveillance policies (privacy-limited).(In remembrance: Leah Elizabeth Oliver, Eric Taube Olsen, Jeffrey James Olsen)
Secondary screening algorithms reducing bias (ongoing work).(In remembrance: Barbara K. Olson, Maureen Lyons Olson, Steven John Olson)
Disability and medical device traveler screening improvements.(In remembrance: Matthew Timothy O’Mahony, Toshihiro Onda, Seamus L. Oneal)
TSA Cares and passenger support specialist programs.(In remembrance: John P. O’Neill, Peter J. O’Neill, Jr., Sean Gordon Corbett O’Neill)
Family lane and military lane humane screening design.(In remembrance: Betty Ann Ong, Michael C. Opperman, Christopher T. Orgielewicz)
AIT automated threat recognition reducing need for pat-downs.(In remembrance: Margaret Quinn Orloske, Virginia Anne Ormiston, Ruben S. Ornedo)
Credential authentication reducing fake ID at checkpoints.(In remembrance: Kevin M. O’Rourke, Ronald Orsini, Peter Keith Ortale)
Digital ID acceptance pilots at TSA with privacy controls.(In remembrance: Juan Ortega-Campos, Jane Marie Orth, Alexander Ortiz)
CAT-2 and dynamic checkpoint resource allocation.(In remembrance: David Ortiz, Emilio Pete Ortiz, Pablo Ortiz)
Exit lane breach detection systems.(In remembrance: Patrick J. O’Shea, Robert William O’Shea, Elsy Carolina Osorio Oliva)
Sterile area intrusion alarms and camera analytics.(In remembrance: James R. Ostrowski, Timothy Franklin O’Sullivan, Jason Douglas Oswald)
Baggage reconciliation systems preventing unaccompanied bags on aircraft.(In remembrance: Michael John Otten, Isidro D. Ottenwalder, Michael Chung Ou)
Positive passenger bag matching international standards.(In remembrance: Todd Joseph Ouida, Jesus Ovalles, Peter J. Owens, Jr.)
RFID baggage tracking reducing mishandling and security gaps.(In remembrance: Adianes Oyola, Angel M. Pabon, Jr., Israel Pabon, Jr.)
Air cargo piece-level screening technologies.(In remembrance: Roland Pacheco, Michael Benjamin Packer, Diana B. Padro)
Canine explosive detection team breeding and training science.(In remembrance: Deepa Pakkala, Jeffrey Matthew Palazzo, Thomas Palazzo)
Electronic odor detection complements to canine teams.(In remembrance: Richard A. Palazzolo, Orio Joseph Palmer, Frank Anthony Palombo)
Homemade explosive training aids for safer canine instruction.(In remembrance: Alan N. Palumbo, Christopher Matthew Panatier, Dominique Lisa Pandolfo)
Render-safe procedures for vehicle-borne IEDs in cities.(In remembrance: Jonas Martin Panik, Paul J. Pansini, John M. Paolillo)
Robotics: tracked platforms for suspicious package investigation.(In remembrance: Edward Joseph Papa, Salvatore T. Papasso, James Nicholas Pappageorge)
Backpack robots and throwable cameras for SWAT.(In remembrance: Marie Pappalardo, Vinod Kumar Parakat, Vijayashanker Paramsothy)
Through-wall radar for hostage and collapse rescue.(In remembrance: Nitin Ramesh Parandkar, Hardai Parbhu, James Wendell Parham)
Acoustic sensors for trapped-victim location in rubble.(In remembrance: Debra Marie Paris, George Paris, Gye Hyong Park)
Search camera systems for void spaces in collapses.(In remembrance: Philip Lacey Parker, Michael Alaine Parkes, Robert E. Parks, Jr.)
Concrete-cutting and breaching tools for US&R.(In remembrance: Hashmukh C. Parmar, Robert Parro, Diane Marie Parsons)
Listening devices and SEER technology for entombed survivors.(In remembrance: Leobardo Lopez Pascual, Michael J. Pascuma, Jr., Jerrold Hughes Paskins)
GPS-denied navigation aids for interior firefighting.(In remembrance: Horace Robert Passananti, Suzanne H. Passaro, Avnish Ramanbhai Patel)
PASS device improvements reducing false alarms and missed signals.(In remembrance: Dipti Patel, Manish Patel, Steven Bennett Paterson)
Firefighter location systems (WIP/indoor tracking research).(In remembrance: James Matthew Patrick, Manuel D. Patrocino, Bernard E. Patterson)
Accountability tags and electronic passport systems on firegrounds.(In remembrance: Clifford L. Patterson, Jr., Cira Marie Patti, Robert E. Pattison)
Mayday button integration on radios.(In remembrance: James Robert Paul, Patrice Paz, Victor Hugo Paz)
Emergency evacuation signal standards on firegrounds.(In remembrance: Stacey Lynn Peak, Richard Allen Pearlman, Durrell V. Pearsall, Jr.)
High-rise hose pack and standpipe operations training updates.(In remembrance: Thomas Nicholas Pecorelli, Thomas Pedicini, Todd Douglas Pelino)
Wind-driven fire research changing high-rise tactics.(In remembrance: Mike Adrian Pelletier, Anthony G. Peluso, Angel R. Pena)
Positive pressure ventilation (PPV) doctrine refinements.(In remembrance: Robert Penninger, Richard Al Penny, Salvatore F. Pepe)
Battery-powered extrication tools for quieter, faster rescues.(In remembrance: Carl Allen B. Peralta, Robert David Peraza, Jon A. Perconti, Jr.)
Stabilization strut systems for vehicle and structural collapse.(In remembrance: Alejo Perez, Angel Perez, Jr., Angela Susan Perez)
Airbag lifting systems for heavy debris.(In remembrance: Anthony Perez, Ivan Antonio Perez, Nancy E. Perez)
Crane and heavy-rigging mutual aid for urban collapse.(In remembrance: Berry Berenson Perkins, Joseph John Perroncino, Edward J. Perrotta)
USAR marking systems standardized internationally.(In remembrance: Emelda H. Perry, Glenn C. Perry, Sr., John William Perry)
INSARAG guidelines for international search deployments.(In remembrance: Franklin Allan Pershep, Danny Pesce, Michael John Pescherine)
Disaster Medical Assistance telehealth reach-back.(In remembrance: Davin N. Peterson, Donald Arthur Peterson, Jean Hoadley Peterson)
Psychological first aid training for responders and volunteers.(In remembrance: William Russell Peterson, Mark James Petrocelli, Philip Scott Petti)
Grief counseling models for mass terrorism bereavement.(In remembrance: Glen Kerrin Pettit, Dominick A. Pezzulo, Kaleen Elizabeth Pezzuti)
Peer-led family support networks after 9/11.(In remembrance: Kevin J. Pfeifer, Tu-Anh Pham, Kenneth John Phelan, Sr.)
Anniversary-aware mental health surge planning each September.(In remembrance: Sneha Anne Philip, Eugenia McCann Piantieri, Ludwig John Picarro)
Trauma-informed journalism guidelines after mass violence.(In remembrance: Matthew Picerno, Joseph O. Pick, Christopher J. Pickford)
School counselor protocols after national traumatic events.(In remembrance: Dennis J. Pierce, Bernard Pietronico, Nicholas P. Pietrunti)
Child-friendly spaces in family assistance centers.(In remembrance: Theodoros Pigis, Susan Elizabeth Pinto, Joseph Piskadlo)
Photo and DNA family reference collection SOPs.(In remembrance: Christopher Todd Pitman, Joshua Michael Piver, Robert R. Ploger III)
Ante-mortem data management for victim identification.(In remembrance: Zandra F. Ploger, Joseph Plumitallo, John M. Pocher)
INTERPOL DVI (Disaster Victim Identification) guide adoption.(In remembrance: William Howard Pohlmann, Laurence Michael Polatsch, Thomas H. Polhemus)
Portable morgue refrigerated capacity planning.(In remembrance: Steve Pollicino, Susan M. Pollio, Darin H. Pontell)
Virtual memorial and name-wall digital experiences.(In remembrance: Joshua Iosua Poptean, Giovanna Porras, Anthony Portillo)
Online tribute walls with moderation against abuse.(In remembrance: James Edward Potorti, Daphne Pouletsos, Richard N. Poulos)
Crowdsourced oral history archives of survivors and families.(In remembrance: Stephen Emanual Poulos, Brandon Jerome Powell, Scott Alan Powell)
Digital preservation of 9/11 artifacts and oral histories.(In remembrance: Shawn Edward Powell, Antonio Dorsey Pratt, Gregory M. Preziose)
Museum security and visitor screening at sensitive memorials.(In remembrance: Wanda Ivelisse Prince, Vincent A. Princiotta, Kevin M. Prior)
Respectful photography policies at mourning sites.(In remembrance: Everett Martin Proctor III, Carrie Beth Progen, David Lee Pruim)
Counter-drone protection for major memorial events.(In remembrance: Richard A. Prunty, John Foster Puckett, Robert David Pugliese)
National Day of Service and Remembrance civic volunteering.(In remembrance: Edward F. Pullis, Patricia Ann Puma, Jack D. Punches)
Youth service projects channeling grief into community care.(In remembrance: Hemanth Kumar Puttur, Joseph J. Pycior, Jr., Edward R. Pykon)
Interfaith vigils and shared mourning protocols for cities.(In remembrance: Christopher Quackenbush, Lars Peter Qualben, Lincoln Quappé)
Foreign service and embassy security upgrades worldwide.(In remembrance: Beth Ann Quigley, Patrick J. Quigley IV, Michael T. Quilty)
Diplomatic facility setback and blast standards.(In remembrance: James Francis Quinn, Ricardo J. Quinn, Carol Millicent Rabalais)
Marine Security Guards and compound surveillance upgrades.(In remembrance: Christopher Peter Anthony Racaniello, Leonard J. Ragaglia, Eugene J. Raggio)
Soft-skill cultural training reducing overseas friction risks.(In remembrance: Laura Marie Ragonese-Snik, Michael Paul Ragusa, Peter Frank Raimondi)
Travel alerts and Smart Traveler Enrollment Program (STEP).(In remembrance: Harry A. Raines, Lisa J. Raines, Ehtesham Raja)
Airline dark-website and crisis comms for families after incidents.(In remembrance: Valsa Raju, Edward J. Rall, Lukas Rambousek)
GoTeams and CARE team airline family assistance models.(In remembrance: Maria Ramirez, Harry Ramos, Vishnoo Ramsaroop)
Airport family reception center designs.(In remembrance: Deborah A. Ramsaur, Lorenzo E. Ramzey, Alfred Todd Rancke)
Manifest reconciliation tech for passenger accountability.(In remembrance: Adam David Rand, Jonathan C. Randall, Shreyas S. Ranganath)
Next-of-kin notification process digitization with dignity checks.(In remembrance: Anne T. Ransom, Faina Rapoport, Rhonda Sue Rasmussen)
Secure video visitation for isolated ICU families in crises.(In remembrance: Robert A. Rasmussen, Amenia Rasool, R. Mark Rasweiler)
Hospital family briefing apps during mass-casualty events.(In remembrance: Marsha D. Ratchford, David Alan James Rathkey, William Ralph Raub)
Bed boards and regional divert systems for trauma load-balancing.(In remembrance: Gerard F. Rauzi, Alexey Razuvaev, Gregory Reda)
Statewide trauma bed dashboards.(In remembrance: Sarah Anne Redheffer, Michele Marie Reed, Judith Ann Reese)
Burn bed national tracking concepts.(In remembrance: Donald J. Regan, Robert M. Regan, Thomas Michael Regan)
ECMO capability registries for surge.(In remembrance: Christian Michael Otto Regenhard, Howard Reich, Gregg Reidy)
Blood type inventory prediction using AI demand models.(In remembrance: James Brian Reilly, Kevin O. Reilly, Timothy E. Reilly)
Walking blood bank protocols for austere military care.(In remembrance: Joseph Reina, Jr., Thomas Barnes Reinig, Frank Bennett Reisman)
Field blood transfusion advances saving wounded troops.(In remembrance: Joshua Scott Reiss, Karen Renda, John Armand Reo)
Junctional tourniquets for battlefield and civilian trauma.(In remembrance: Richard Cyril Rescorla, John Thomas Resta, Sylvia San Pio Resta)
XStat and wound stamping hemostatics research.(In remembrance: Martha M. Reszke, David E. Retik, Todd H. Reuben)
iTClamp and adjunct hemorrhage devices.(In remembrance: Luis Clodoaldo Revilla Mier, Eduvigis Reyes, Jr., Bruce Albert Reynolds)
Pelvic binders as standard MCI equipment.(In remembrance: John Frederick Rhodes, Francis Saverio Riccardelli, Rudolph N. Riccio)
Hypothermia prevention in trauma (ready-heat, hypothermia wraps).(In remembrance: Ann Marie Riccoboni, David Harlow Rice, Eileen Mary Rice)
Damage control resuscitation doctrine in civilian trauma centers.(In remembrance: Kenneth Frederick Rice III, CeCelia E. Richard, Vernon Allan Richard)
Whole blood revival in trauma systems.(In remembrance: Claude Daniel Richards, Gregory David Richards, Michael Richards)
TXA (tranexamic acid) protocols for bleeding patients.(In remembrance: Venesha Orintia Richards, Jimmy Riches, Alan Jay Richman)
REBOA training for trauma/surgical teams.(In remembrance: John M. Rigo, Frederick Charles Rimmele III, Rose Mary Riso)
Forward surgical team concepts informing civilian MCI surgery.(In remembrance: Moises N. Rivas, Joseph R. Rivelli, Jr., Carmen Alicia Rivera)
Tele-mentored surgery research for austere care.(In remembrance: Isaias Rivera, Juan William Rivera, Linda Ivelisse Rivera)
3D-printed surgical guides for complex reconstruction.(In remembrance: David E. Rivers, Joseph R. Riverso, Paul V. Rizza)
Facial prosthetics and reconstructive advances for blast survivors.(In remembrance: John Frank Rizzo, Stephen Louis Roach, Joseph Roberto)
Advanced prosthetics and myoelectric limbs for amputees.(In remembrance: Leo Arthur Roberts, Michael E. Roberts, Michael Edward Roberts)
Osseointegration for higher-function prosthetic attachment.(In remembrance: Donald Walter Robertson, Jr., Jeffrey Robinson, Michell Lee Jean Robotham)
PTSD treatment: prolonged exposure, EMDR, and adapted protocols.(In remembrance: Donald Arthur Robson, Antonio A. Rocha, Raymond James Rocha)
Virtual reality exposure therapy for PTSD.(In remembrance: Laura Rockefeller, John Michael Rodak, Antonio José Rodrigues)
Pharmacologic research adjuncts for trauma memory.(In remembrance: Anthony Rodriguez, Carmen Milagros Rodriguez, Gregory E. Rodriguez)
Sleep and nightmare treatment programs for responders.(In remembrance: Marsha A. Rodriguez, Mayra Valdes Rodriguez, Richard Rodriguez)
Peer support dogs for veterans and responders.(In remembrance: David Bartolo Rodriguez-Vargas, Matthew Rogan, Jean Destrehan Rogér)
Service animal access policies in emergency shelters.(In remembrance: Karlie Rogers, Scott William Rohner, Keith Michael Roma)
Adaptive sports programs for wounded veterans.(In remembrance: Joseph M. Romagnolo, Efrain Romero, Sr., Elvin Romero)
Career transition programs for medically retired service members.(In remembrance: James A. Romito, Sean Paul Rooney, Eric Thomas Ropiteau)
Veteran suicide prevention lifelines and gun safety partnerships.(In remembrance: Aida Rosario, Angela Rosario, Mark H. Rosen)
Community-based veteran peer networks.(In remembrance: Brooke David Rosenbaum, Linda Rosenbaum, Sheryl Lynn Rosenbaum)
Military family readiness and casualty assistance reforms.(In remembrance: Lloyd Daniel Rosenberg, Mark Louis Rosenberg, Andrew Ira Rosenblum)
Gold Star family support organizations and official liaison offices.(In remembrance: Joshua M. Rosenblum, Joshua Alan Rosenthal, Richard David Rosenthal)
Tragedy Assistance Program for Survivors (TAPS)-style models.(In remembrance: Philip Martin Rosenzweig, Daniel Rosetti, Richard Barry Ross)
Scholarship funds for children of the fallen.(In remembrance: Norman S. Rossinow, Nicholas P. Rossomando, Michael Craig Rothberg)
Workplace leave policies for bereavement after terrorism.(In remembrance: Donna Marie Rothenberg, Mark David Rothenberg, James Michael Roux)
Financial counseling for families navigating victim funds.(In remembrance: Nicholas Charles Alexander Rowe, Edward V. Rowenhorst, Judy Rowlett)
Pro bono legal clinics for victim families.(In remembrance: Timothy Alan Roy, Sr., Paul G. Ruback, Ronald J. Ruben)
Immigration relief pathways for certain victim families (where applicable).(In remembrance: Joanne Rubino, David M. Ruddle, Bart Joseph Ruggiere)
Consular assistance for foreign national victims’ families.(In remembrance: Susan A. Ruggiero, Adam Keith Ruhalter, Gilbert Ruiz)
Multilingual memorial ceremonies and name readings.(In remembrance: Robert E. Russell, Stephen P. Russell, Steven Harris Russin)
Name pronunciation guides for public readings of the fallen.(In remembrance: Michael Thomas Russo, Sr., Wayne Alan Russo, William R. Ruth)
Paper and digital programs ensuring no name is omitted.(In remembrance: Edward Ryan, John Joseph Ryan, Jonathan Stephan Ryan)
Accessibility: braille and audio name directories at memorials.(In remembrance: Matthew L. Ryan, Tatiana Ryjova, Christina Sunga Ryook)
Tactile memorial design for blind and low-vision visitors.(In remembrance: Thierry Saada, Jason Elazar Sabbag, Thomas E. Sabella)
Quiet hours and contemplation spaces in memorial museums.(In remembrance: Scott H. Saber, Charles E. Sabin, Sr., Joseph Francis Sacerdote)
Trauma-informed docent training for difficult history sites.(In remembrance: Jessica Leigh Sachs, Francis John Sadocha, Jude Elias Safi)
Age-appropriate education programs about 9/11 for students.(In remembrance: Brock Joel Safronoff, Edward Saiya, John Patrick Salamone)
Primary source packets for teachers on civic resilience.(In remembrance: Marjorie C. Salamone, Hernando Rafael Salas, Juan G. Salas)
Anti-bias education reducing backlash against communities after attacks.(In remembrance: Esmerlin Antonio Salcedo, John Pepe Salerno, Rahma Salie)
Bystander intervention training against hate harassment.(In remembrance: Richard L. Salinardi, Jr., Wayne John Saloman, Nolbert Salomon)
Rapid response networks protecting houses of worship after threats.(In remembrance: Catherine Patricia Salter, Frank G. Salvaterra, Paul Richard Salvio)
Community patrol partnerships with clear nonviolence norms.(In remembrance: Samuel Robert Salvo, Jr., Carlos Alberto Samaniego, John P. Sammartino)
Youth digital citizenship reducing online radicalization pathways.(In remembrance: James Kenneth Samuel, Jr., Michael San Phillip, Hugo M. Sanay)
Parent guides for talking with children after national tragedies.(In remembrance: Alva Cynthia Jeffries Sanchez, Jacquelyn Patrice Sanchez, Jesus Sanchez)
Pediatric bereavement programs.(In remembrance: Raymond Sanchez, Eric M. Sand, Stacey Leigh Sanders)
School memorial and moment-of-silence best practices.(In remembrance: Herman S. Sandler, Jim Sands, Jr., Ayleen J. Santiago)
Employee assistance programs after collective national trauma.(In remembrance: Kirsten Reese Santiago, Maria Theresa Concepcion Santillan, Susan Gayle Santo)
Manager toolkits for supporting grieving colleagues.(In remembrance: Christopher A. Santora, John August Santore, Mario L. Santoro)
Faith-community mutual aid networks activated after disasters.(In remembrance: Rafael Humberto Santos, Rufino C.F. Santos III, Victor J. Saracini)
Diaper banks, food banks, and soft-power resilience logistics.(In remembrance: Kalyan K. Sarkar, Chapelle Renee Stewart Sarker, Paul F. Sarle)
Cash assistance platforms delivering aid faster with fraud controls.(In remembrance: Deepika Kumar Sattaluri, Gregory Thomas Saucedo, Susan M. Sauer)
Cryptocurrency tracing tools against terror finance (Chainalysis-class).(In remembrance: Anthony Savas, Vladimir Savinkin, John Michael Sbarbaro)
Nonprofit transparency tech reducing charity fraud.(In remembrance: David M. Scales, Robert Louis Scandole, Michelle Scarpitta)
Crowdfunding platform trust & safety against exploitation of tragedies.(In remembrance: Dennis Scauso, John Albert Schardt, John G. Scharf)
Platform crisis protocols for mass violence events.(In remembrance: Fred C. Scheffold, Jr., Angela Susan Scheinberg, Scott Mitchell Schertzer)
Throttling amplification of graphic violence while informing public.(In remembrance: Sean Schielke, Steven Francis Schlag, Robert A. Schlegel)
Verified crisis resource panels in social products.(In remembrance: Jon Schlissel, Karen Helene Schmidt, Ian Schneider)
Geofenced emergency information during active incidents.(In remembrance: Thomas G. Schoales, Frank G. Schott, Jr., Gerard Patrick Schrang)
Wireless Emergency Alerts Spanish and additional language expansion.(In remembrance: Jeffrey H. Schreier, John T. Schroeder, Susan Lee Schuler)
WEA Spanish and multipolygon geo-targeting improvements.(In remembrance: Edward W. Schunk, Mark Evan Schurmeier, John Burkhart Schwartz)
Public warning originator authentication (to fight fake alerts).(In remembrance: Mark Schwartz, Adriane Victoria Scibetta, Raphael Scorca)
Emergency alert false-alarm reduction after system mishaps.(In remembrance: Janice M. Scott, Randolph Scott, Christopher Jay Scudder)
Opt-out transparency for marketing vs. true emergency alerts.(In remembrance: Arthur Warren Scullin, Michael H. Seaman, Margaret M. Seeliger)
Siren-app hybrids for outdoor workers.(In remembrance: Anthony Segarra, Carlos Segarra, Jason M. Sekzer)
Industrial plant emergency notification integration with counties.(In remembrance: Matthew Carmen Sellitto, Michael L. Selves, Howard Selwyn)
Campus outdoor warning and desktop alert systems.(In remembrance: Larry John Senko, Arturo Angelo Sereno, Frankie Serrano)
Hotel TV interrupt emergency messaging.(In remembrance: Marian H. Serva, Alena Sesinova, Adele Christine Sessa)
Airplane seatback and gate-display emergency messaging standards.(In remembrance: Sita Nermalla Sewnarine, Karen Lynn Seymour, Davis Grier Sezna, Jr.)
Cruise ship mustering e-accountability systems.(In remembrance: Thomas Joseph Sgroi, Jayesh Shantilal Shah, Khalid M. Shahid)
Lifeboat assignment digital accountability.(In remembrance: Mohammed Shajahan, Gary Shamay, Earl Richard Shanahan)
Man-overboard detection systems.(In remembrance: Dan F. Shanower, Neil G. Shastri, Kathryn Anne Shatzoff)
Automatic identification for small craft in busy harbors.(In remembrance: Barbara A. Shaw, Jeffrey James Shaw, Robert John Shay, Jr.)
Recreational boater safety apps with emergency beacons.(In remembrance: Daniel James Shea, Joseph Patrick Shea, Kathleen Shearer)
Personal locator beacons (PLB) cost reductions and awareness.(In remembrance: Robert M. Shearer, Linda June Sheehan, Hagay Shefi)
MEOSAR satellite upgrades improving distress beacon detection.(In remembrance: Antionette M. Sherman, John Anthony Sherry, Atsushi Shiratori)
COSPAS-SARSAT modernization saving mariners and aviators.(In remembrance: Thomas Joseph Shubert, Mark Shulman, See Wong Shum)
Mountain rescue smartphone pings and avalanche beacon tech.(In remembrance: Allan Abraham Shwartzstein, Clarin Shellie Siegel-Schwartz, Johanna Sigmund)
National Park SAR GPS and radio improvements.(In remembrance: Dianne T. Signer, Gregory Sikorsky, Stephen Gerard Siller)
Wildland firefighter tracking and crew location awareness.(In remembrance: David Silver, Craig A. Silverstein, Nasima H. Simjee)
Fire shelter redesign research after entrapment lessons.(In remembrance: Bruce Edward Simmons, Diane M. Simmons, Donald D. Simmons)
Protective fire clothing breathability vs. protection balance.(In remembrance: George W. Simmons, Arthur Simon, Kenneth Alan Simon)
Heat stress monitors for responders in PPE.(In remembrance: Michael J. Simon, Paul Joseph Simon, Marianne Liquori Simone)
Cooling vest systems for hazmat and bomb technicians.(In remembrance: Barry Simowitz, Jane Louise Simpkin, Jeff Lyal Simpson)
Hydration and work-rest cycle apps for incident rehab.(In remembrance: Cheryle D. Sincock, Khamladai Khami Singh, Roshan Ramesh Singh)
Incident rehab and medical monitoring standards (NFPA).(In remembrance: Thomas E. Sinton III, Peter A. Siracuse, Muriel F. Siskopoulos)
Cancer presumptive legislation supporting firefighter health.(In remembrance: Joseph Michael Sisolak, John P. Skala, Francis Joseph Skidmore, Jr.)
WTC Health Program expansions as model for occupational cohorts.(In remembrance: Toyena Corliss Skinner, Paul A. Skrzypek, Christopher Paul Slattery)
Registry science for long-term disaster exposure.(In remembrance: Vincent Robert Slavin, Robert F. Sliwak, Paul Kenneth Sloan)
Open data on hazards empowering community advocacy.(In remembrance: Stanley S. Smagala, Jr., Wendy L. Small, Gregg H. Smallwood)
Community air monitoring after industrial and attack-related plumes.(In remembrance: Catherine T. Smith, Daniel Laurence Smith, Gary F. Smith)
Low-cost sensor networks for neighborhood environmental health.(In remembrance: George Eric Smith, Heather Lee Smith, James Gregory Smith)
Transparent after-action reports driving public trust.(In remembrance: Jeffrey R. Smith, Joyce Patricia Smith, Karl T. Smith, Sr.)
Independent after-action authorities for major failures.(In remembrance: Kevin Joseph Smith, Leon Smith, Jr., Moira Ann Smith)
Whistleblower-protected safety reporting in transit agencies.(In remembrance: Rosemary A. Smith, Bonnie Shihadeh Smithwick, Rochelle Monique Snell)
Close-call transit reporting reducing accidents.(In remembrance: Christine Ann Snyder, Dianne Bullis Snyder, Leonard J. Snyder, Jr.)
Positive safety culture programs in airlines (ASAP, FOQA).(In remembrance: Astrid Elizabeth Sohan, Sushil S. Solanki, Rubén Solares)
Aviation Safety Action Program confidential reporting.(In remembrance: Naomi Leah Solomon, Daniel W. Song, Mari-Rae Sopper)
Flight Operational Quality Assurance data for risk reduction.(In remembrance: Michael Charles Sorresse, Fabian Soto, Timothy Patrick Soulas)
Unmanned traffic management safety cases.(In remembrance: Gregory Thomas Spagnoletti, Donald F. Spampinato, Jr., Thomas Sparacio)
Urban air mobility security concepts.(In remembrance: John Anthony Spataro, Robert W. Spear, Jr., Robert Speisman)
Vertiport security design guidance.(In remembrance: Maynard S. Spence, Jr., George Edward Spencer III, Robert Andrew Spencer)
evtol geofencing and identity broadcast requirements.(In remembrance: Mary Rubina Sperando, Frank Spinelli, William E. Spitz)
Critical infrastructure dependency analysis for cascading failures.(In remembrance: Joseph Patrick Spor, Jr., Klaus Johannes Sprockamp, Saranya Srinuan)
Black-sky exercises for long-duration power outages.(In remembrance: Fitzroy St. Rose, Michael F. Stabile, Lawrence T. Stack)
EMP and GMD (geomagnetic disturbance) hardening research.(In remembrance: Timothy M. Stackpole, Richard James Stadelberger, Eric Adam Stahlman)
Hospital islanding capability for power independence.(In remembrance: Mary Domenica Stanley, Anthony Starita, Jeffrey Stark)
Fuel cell backup pilots for cell towers.(In remembrance: Derek James Statkevicus, Patricia J. Statz, Craig William Staub)
Hardened cellular sites on wheels for NSSEs.(In remembrance: William V. Steckman, Eric Thomas Steen, William R. Steiner)
Public safety IoT standards reducing insecure device sprawl.(In remembrance: Alexander Robbins Steinman, Edna L. Stephens, Andrew Stergiopoulos)
Medical device cybersecurity guidance (FDA).(In remembrance: Andrew J. Stern, Norma Lang Steuerle, Martha Jane Stevens)
Infusion pump and imaging system segmentation in hospitals.(In remembrance: Michael James Stewart, Richard H. Stewart, Jr., Sanford M. Stoller)
Legacy biomedical device isolation strategies.(In remembrance: Douglas Joel Stone, Lonny Jay Stone, Jimmy Nevill Storey)
OR and ICU downtime procedures for cyber events.(In remembrance: Timothy Stout, Thomas Strada, James J. Straine, Jr.)
Paper downtime kits revitalized for EHR outages.(In remembrance: Edward W. Straub, George J. Strauch, Jr., Edward Thomas Strauss)
Cyber tabletop exercises for hospital executives.(In remembrance: Steven R. Strauss, Larry L. Strickland, Steven F. Strobert)
Regional healthcare coalitions for cyber mutual aid.(In remembrance: Walwyn Wellington Stuart, Jr., Benjamin Suarez, David Scott Suarez)
HHS HC3 threat intel for health sector.(In remembrance: Ramon Suarez, Dino Xavier Suarez Ramirez, Yoichi Sumiyama Sugiyama)
415/Health-ISAC membership growth.(In remembrance: William Christopher Sugra, Daniel Thomas Suhr, David Marc Sullins)
Pipeline cyber-physical security after high-profile incidents.(In remembrance: Christopher P. Sullivan, Patrick Sullivan, Thomas G. Sullivan)
Water sector cyber hygiene campaigns.(In remembrance: Hilario Soriano Sumaya, Jr., James Joseph Suozzo, Colleen M. Supinski)
Agricultural GPS and precision-ag cyber awareness.(In remembrance: Robert Sutcliffe, Seline Sutter, Claudia Suzette Sutton)
GPS spoofing detection for ports and aviation.(In remembrance: John Francis Swaine, Kristine M. Swearson, Brian David Sweeney)
AIS and ADS-B anomaly detection research.(In remembrance: Brian Edward Sweeney, Madeline Amy Sweeney, Kenneth J. Swenson)
Space domain awareness sharing for debris and threats.(In remembrance: Thomas F. Swift, Derek Ogilvie Sword, Kevin Thomas Szocik)
Commercial SSA (space situational awareness) data for operators.(In remembrance: Gina Sztejnberg, Norbert P. Szurkowski, Harry Taback)
Satellite jamming detection and reporting.(In remembrance: Joann C. Tabeek, Norma C. Taddei, Michael Taddonio)
Resilient PNT complementary to GPS for first responders.(In remembrance: Keiichiro Takahashi, Keiji Takahashi, Phyllis Gail Talbot)
eLoran and terrestrial timing backup pilots.(In remembrance: Robert R. Talhami, John Talignani, Sean Patrick Tallon)
Fiber route diversity requirements for PSAPs.(In remembrance: Paul Talty, Maurita Tam, Rachel Tamares)
NG911 ESINet diversely routed networks.(In remembrance: Hector Rogan Tamayo, Michael Andrew Tamuccio, Kenichiro Tanaka)
PSAP backup facilities and mirrored call-taking.(In remembrance: Rhondelle Cherie Tankard, Michael Anthony Tanner, Dennis Gerard Taormina, Jr.)
Cloud-native 911 call-taking with on-prem failback.(In remembrance: Kenneth Joseph Tarantino, Allan Tarasiewicz, Michael C. Tarrou)
Remote telecommunicator surge staffing models.(In remembrance: Ronald Tartaro, Deborah Tavolarella, Darryl Anthony Taylor)
911 telecommunicator PTSD and wellness programs.(In remembrance: Donnie Brooks Taylor, Hilda E. Taylor, Kip P. Taylor)
Quality assurance AI assisting (not replacing) call review.(In remembrance: Leonard E. Taylor, Lorisa Ceylon Taylor, Michael Morgan Taylor)
Protocolized EMD (emergency medical dispatch) card updates.(In remembrance: Sandra C. Taylor, Sandra Dawn Teague, Karl W. Teepe)
Pre-arrival instructions saving lives before EMS arrival.(In remembrance: Paul A. Tegtmeier, Yeshavant Moreshwar Tembe, Anthony Tempesta)
Dispatcher-assisted CPR and AED location guidance.(In remembrance: Dorothy Pearl Temple, Stanley L. Temple, David Gustaf Peter Tengelin)
Bleeding control pre-arrival instructions research.(In remembrance: Brian John Terrenzi, Lisa Marie Terry, Goumatie Thackurdeen)
Active assailant pre-arrival instruction protocols.(In remembrance: Harshad Sham Thatte, Michael Theodoridis, Thomas F. Theurkauf, Jr.)
Standardized plain-language radio replacing 10-codes (where adopted).(In remembrance: Lesley Anne Thomas, Brian Thomas Thompson, Clive Ian Thompson)
ICS forms digitized for faster incident documentation.(In remembrance: Glenn Thompson, Nigel Bruce Thompson, Perry A. Thompson)
Common operating picture layers: weather, traffic, cameras, units.(In remembrance: Vanavah Alexei Thompson, William H. Thompson, Eric Raymond Thorpe)
Waze/connected-car data for emergency routing (privacy-aware).(In remembrance: Nichola Angela Thorpe, Tamara C. Thurman, Sal Edward Tieri, Jr.)
Traffic signal preemption for fire apparatus.(In remembrance: John Patrick Tierney, Mary Ellen Tiesi, William Randolph Tieste)
Emergency vehicle alerting systems to connected cars.(In remembrance: Kenneth Tietjen, Stephen Edward Tighe, Scott Charles Timmes)
Smart corridor priority for EMS.(In remembrance: Michael E. Tinley, Jennifer M. Tino, Robert Frank Tipaldi)
UAV traffic deconfliction near incident airspace.(In remembrance: John James Tipping II, David Tirado, Hector Luis Tirado, Jr.)
Temporary Flight Restrictions automated notification to pilots.(In remembrance: Michelle Lee Titolo, Alicia Nicole Titus, John J. Tobin)
LAANC for drone authorization near airports.(In remembrance: Richard J. Todisco, Otis V. Tolbert, Vladimir Tomasevic)
Remote ID making drones accountable in sensitive airspace.(In remembrance: Stephen Kevin Tompsett, Thomas Tong, Doris Torres)
Geo-awareness firmware restricting flight near prisons/airports.(In remembrance: Luis Eduardo Torres, Amy Elizabeth Toyen, Christopher Michael Traina)
Public reporting apps for reckless drone operations.(In remembrance: Daniel Patrick Trant, Abdoul Karim Traore, Glenn J. Travers, Sr.)
Stadium RF detection of unauthorized video downlinks.(In remembrance: Walter Philip Travers, Felicia Yvette Traylor-Bass, James Anthony Trentini)
Secure wireless mics and comms for event security teams.(In remembrance: Mary Barbara Trentini, Lisa L. Trerotola, Karamo Baba Trerra)
Credentialed media staging reducing chaos at scenes.(In remembrance: Michael Angel Trinidad, Francis Joseph Trombino, Gregory James Trost)
Joint information system templates for PIOs.(In remembrance: Willie Q. Troy, William P. Tselepis, Jr., Zhanetta Valentinovna Tsoy)
Multilingual press briefing practices.(In remembrance: Michael Patrick Tucker, Lance Richard Tumulty, Ching Ping Tung)
Accessible press materials (ASL, captions) during emergencies.(In remembrance: Simon James Turner, Donald Joseph Tuzio, Robert T. Twomey)
Rumor control officers embedded in JICs.(In remembrance: Jennifer Lynn Tzemis, John G. Ueltzhoeffer, Tyler Victor Ugolyn)
Social listening dashboards for emergency PIOs.(In remembrance: Michael A. Uliano, Jonathan J. Uman, Anil Shivhari Umarkar)
Verified government WhatsApp/Telegram channels in some cities.(In remembrance: Allen V. Upton, Diane Marie Urban, John Damien Vaccacio)
SMS short codes for local emergency information.(In remembrance: Bradley Hodges Vadas, William Valcarcel, Felix Antonio Vale)
Parking lot and curb management reducing VBIED residual risk.(In remembrance: Ivan Vale, Benito Valentin, Santos Valentin, Jr.)
Pop-up vehicle barrier deployment training for police.(In remembrance: Carlton Francis Valvo II, Pendyala Vamsikrishna, Erica H. Van Acker)
Hostile Vehicle Mitigation guidance from CISA/NCTC.(In remembrance: Kenneth W. Van Auken, R. Bruce Van Hine, Daniel M. Van Laere)
Market and festival perimeter security kits.(In remembrance: Edward Raymond Vanacore, Jon Charles Vandevander, Frederick T. Varacchi)
Holiday soft-target surge staffing playbooks.(In remembrance: Gopalakrishnan Varadhan, David Vargas, Scott C. Vasel)
House of worship usher security training.(In remembrance: Azael Ismael Vasquez, Ronald J. Vauk, Arcangel Vazquez)
Greeter roles trained to spot surveillance and hostile recon.(In remembrance: Santos Vazquez, Peter Vega, Sankara Sastry Velamuri)
See Something training for parking attendants and janitors.(In remembrance: Jorge Velazquez, Lawrence G. Veling, Anthony Mark Ventura)
Hospitality security: guest room and loading dock controls.(In remembrance: David Vera, Loretta Ann Vero, Christopher James Vialonga)
Key control and electronic lock audit trails in hotels.(In remembrance: Matthew Gilbert Vianna, Robert Anthony Vicario, Celeste Torres Victoria)
Panic buttons for hotel staff and hospital workers.(In remembrance: Joanna Vidal, John T. Vigiano II, Joseph Vincent Vigiano)
Duress codes in schools and clinics.(In remembrance: Frank J. Vignola, Jr., Joseph Barry Vilardo, Claribel Villalobos Hernandez)
Silent alarm apps for staff under threat.(In remembrance: Sergio Gabriel Villanueva, Chantal Vincelli, Melissa Renée Vincent)
Classroom door locks operable from inside without hallway exposure.(In remembrance: Francine Ann Virgilio, Lawrence Virgilio, Joseph Gerard Visciano)
Window privacy and ballistic film debates informing local policy.(In remembrance: Joshua S. Vitale, Maria Percoco Vola, Lynette D. Vosges)
Anonymous reporting apps for students (with follow-up capacity).(In remembrance: Garo H. Voskerijian, Alfred Anton Vukosa, Gregory Kamal Bruno Wachtler)
Behavioral threat assessment software assisting multidisciplinary teams.(In remembrance: Karen J. Wagner, Mary Alice Wahlstrom, Honor Elizabeth Wainio)
Safer storage campaigns reducing firearm access in crises.(In remembrance: Gabriela Silvina Waisman, Wendy Alice Rosario Wakeford, Courtney Wainsworth Walcott)
Extreme risk protection order implementation support tools.(In remembrance: Victor Wald, Kenneth E. Waldie, Benjamin James Walker)
Child-access prevention education.(In remembrance: Glen Wall, Mitchel Scott Wallace, Peter Guyder Wallace)
Suicide prevention lethal-means counseling for families.(In remembrance: Robert Francis Wallace, Roy Michael Wallace, Jeanmarie Wallendorf)
Crisis Text Line partnerships with local 911.(In remembrance: Matthew Blake Wallens, Meta L. Waller, John Wallice, Jr.)
988–911 interoperability so crises reach the right help.(In remembrance: Barbara P. Walsh, Jim Walsh, Jeffrey P. Walz)
Co-response vans pairing clinicians with officers.(In remembrance: Ching Wang, Weibin Wang, Michael Warchola)
Mobile crisis units reducing unnecessary force encounters.(In remembrance: Stephen Gordon Ward, Timothy Ray Ward, James A. Waring)
Crisis stabilization centers as ER alternatives.(In remembrance: Brian G. Warner, Derrick Christopher Washington, Charles Waters)
Peer respite and trauma recovery centers.(In remembrance: James Thomas Waters, Jr., Patrick J. Waters, Kenneth Thomas Watson)
Community resilience hubs with power, cooling, and information.(In remembrance: Michael Henry Waye, Todd Christopher Weaver, Walter Edward Weaver)
Neighborhood emergency teams (NET/CERT) volunteer training.(In remembrance: Nathaniel Webb, Dinah Webster, William Michael Weems)
Community Emergency Response Team curriculum updates.(In remembrance: Joanne Flora Weil, Michael T. Weinberg, Steven Weinberg)
Map Your Neighborhood and similar hyperlocal preparedness.(In remembrance: Scott Jeffrey Weingard, Steven George Weinstein, Simon Weiser)
Multifamily building floor warden programs.(In remembrance: David M. Weiss, David Thomas Weiss, Chin Sun Pak Wells)
High-rise residential evacuation training for residents.(In remembrance: Vincent Michael Wells, Deborah Jacobs Welsh, Timothy Matthew Welty)
Refuge area signage and disability evacuation planning.(In remembrance: Christian Hans Rudolf Wemmers, Ssu-Hui Wen, John Joseph Wenckus)
Evacuation elevator use research for people with disabilities.(In remembrance: Oleh D. Wengerchuk, Peter M. West, Whitfield West, Jr.)
Stair descent devices cached in high-rises.(In remembrance: Meredith Lynn Whalen, Eugene Michael Whelan, Adam S. White)
Photoluminescent exit path markings in stairwells.(In remembrance: Edward James White III, James Patrick White, John Sylvester White)
Talking signs and wayfinding for smoke and power loss.(In remembrance: Kenneth Wilburn White, Jr., Leonard Anthony White, Malissa Y. White)
Battery-backed exit lighting standards enforcement.(In remembrance: Maudlyn A. White, Sandra L. White, Wayne White)
Generator transfer switch testing regimes.(In remembrance: Leanne Marie Whiteside, Mark P. Whitford, Leslie A. Whittington)
Fuel polishing and testing for emergency generators.(In remembrance: Michael T. Wholey, Mary Lenz Wieman, Jeffrey David Wiener)
Load shed priorities protecting life safety circuits.(In remembrance: William J. Wik, Alison Marie Wildman, Glenn E. Wilkinson)
Fire pump redundancy and pressure monitoring.(In remembrance: Ernest M. Willcher, John Charles Willett, Brian Patrick Williams)
Sprinkler reliability and impairment management programs.(In remembrance: Candace Lee Williams, Crossley Richard Williams, Jr., David J. Williams)
In-rack sprinkler and ESFR systems for warehouses.(In remembrance: David Lucian Williams, Debbie L. Williams, Dwayne Williams)
Lithium battery storage occupancy separations in codes.(In remembrance: Kevin Michael Williams, Louie Anthony Williams, Louis Calvin Williams III)
Hazardous material inventory digital reporting to fire departments.(In remembrance: John P. Williamson, Donna Ann Wilson, William Eben Wilson)
Pre-incident planning software for fire companies.(In remembrance: David Harold Winton, Glenn J. Winuk, Thomas Francis Wise)
Building information modeling (BIM) shared with first responders.(In remembrance: Alan L. Wisniewski, Frank Paul Wisniewski, David Wiswall)
Knox-Box and secure key access modernization.(In remembrance: Sigrid Charlotte Wiswe, Michael R. Wittenstein, Christopher W. Wodenshek)
Emergency elevator keys and firefighter service standardization.(In remembrance: Martin Phillips Wohlforth, Katherine Susan Wolf, Jennifer Yen Wong)
Stairwell re-entry and unlock policies post-investigation lessons.(In remembrance: Siucheung Steve Wong, Yin Ping Wong, Yuk Ping Wong)
Fire service access elevators in tall building codes.(In remembrance: Brent James Woodall, James John Woods, Marvin Roger Woods)
Occupant evacuation elevators research and limited adoption.(In remembrance: Patrick J. Woods, Richard Herron Woodwell, David Terence Wooley)
Voice evacuation systems with intelligible speech standards.(In remembrance: John Bentley Works, Martin Michael Wortley, Rodney James Wotton)
Mass notification systems (MNS) in campuses and bases.(In remembrance: William Wren, Ret., John W. Wright, Jr., Neil Robin Wright)
Giant voice outdoor speaker networks on military installations.(In remembrance: Sandra Lee Wright, Jupiter Yambem, John D. Yamnicky, Sr.)
Installation entry control with vehicle barriers and ID systems.(In remembrance: Suresh Yanamadala, Vicki Yancey, Shuyin Yang)
Base active shooter exercise programs (Eagle Eval-type).(In remembrance: Matthew David Yarnell, Myrna Yaskulka, Shakila Yasmin)
Armory and weapons storage intrusion alarms.(In remembrance: Olabisi Shadie Layeni Yee, Kevin W. Yokum, Edward P. York)
Recruit training on insider threat and espionage awareness.(In remembrance: Kevin Patrick York, Raymond R. York, Suzanne Martha Youmans)
OPSEC training for military families on social media.(In remembrance: Barrington Leroy Young, Jr., Donald McArthur Young, Edmond G. Young, Jr.)
Geotagging awareness to protect troop movements.(In remembrance: Jacqueline Young, Lisa L. Young, Elkin Yuen)
Commercial imagery analysis for open-source defense intelligence.(In remembrance: Joseph C. Zaccoli, Adel Agayby Zakhary, Arkady Zaltsman)
SAR satellite tasking for disaster and maritime distress.(In remembrance: Edwin J. Zambrana, Jr., Robert Alan Zampieri, Mark Zangrilli)
Nighttime lights analysis for blackout and conflict monitoring.(In remembrance: Christopher R. Zarba, Jr., Ira Zaslow, Kenneth Albert Zelman)
Crowdsourced damage mapping (HOT OSM) after disasters.(In remembrance: Abraham J. Zelmanowitz, Martin Morales Zempoaltecatl, Zhe Zeng)
UAV orthomosaic maps for incident commanders within hours.(In remembrance: Marc Scott Zeplin, Jie Yao Justin Zhao, Yuguang Zheng)
Digital elevation models for flood and plume planning.(In remembrance: Ivelin Ziminski, Michael Joseph Zinzi, Charles Alan Zion)
Hydrologic sensors feeding real-time flood inundation maps.(In remembrance: Julie Lynne Zipper, Salvatore J. Zisa, Prokopios Paul Zois)
Community flood gauges with public dashboards.(In remembrance: Joseph J. Zuccala, Andrew Steven Zucker, Igor Zukelman)
What Remains for the Next Twenty-Five Years?
Remembrance without action becomes ritual alone. Action without remembrance becomes machinery. The work ahead is both: keep saying the names, and keep designing protection that still feels human — security that does not require abandoning dignity, pluralism, or hope.
To every family still carrying September 11: you are not alone in the quiet. To every responder still answering the call: your courage is a living memorial. To the next generation: inherit the story as responsibility, not only as history.
We remember. We protect. We choose one another — again.
Nearly 3,000 people were killed in the September 11, 2001 attacks at the World Trade Center, the Pentagon, and aboard Flights 11, 77, 93, and 175. Official memorial listings are maintained by the National September 11 Memorial & Museum.
What public safety innovations followed 9/11?
Major advances included new aviation screening and cockpit security, the Department of Homeland Security and fusion centers, interoperable responder communications, Next Generation 911 and wireless alerts, critical infrastructure and cybersecurity programs, trauma and hemorrhage-control practices such as Stop the Bleed, and stronger building and evacuation standards informed by the WTC investigations.
How should we commemorate the 25th anniversary of 9/11?
Commemorate with empathy for families and survivors, public remembrance of names, support for responders’ health and grief needs, civic service, and renewed commitment to safety practices that protect life without abandoning human dignity.
Where can I find a loved one’s name on the 9/11 Memorial?
Use the National September 11 Memorial & Museum Memorial Guide at names.911memorial.org to search by name and locate the panel on the Memorial.
Why pair innovations with victims’ names?
The pairing is a dedication, not a transaction: it keeps human lives at the center while acknowledging that many people responded to loss by building better ways to protect others. Progress does not replace grief; it can honor it.
Image Credits: Pexels
Content Authenticity Statement: The topic area, key elements to focus on, etc. were decisions made by Braden Kelley, with a little help from Claude to clean up the article.
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The Experiment Canvas™: Five Gravity-Control Innovation Experiments Visualized
by Braden Kelley and Art Inteligencia
What Is The Experiment Canvas™? (Short Answer)
The Experiment Canvas™ is a one-page innovation tool for structuring experiments that prove or disprove the feasibility, viability, and desirability of a potential innovation — before you burn capital on the wrong bet. It forces a clear hypothesis, helpers, resources, risks, assumptions, barriers, a three-phase experiment plan (setup → execution → wrap-up), and learning metrics that can falsify the idea.
Below: why the canvas accelerates innovation speed and success rates — and five filled examples for a hypothetical gravity control appliance, showing how a radical idea can be broken into sequenced experiments that cull likely failures early.
Why Innovators Need to Instrument for Learning — Not Hope
Most innovation waste is not bad imagination. It is unfalsified imagination: teams fund prototypes, labs, and roadmaps without a written hypothesis, kill criteria, or a learning metric anyone would defend in a budget meeting. Activity photographs well. Learning does not — unless you design for it.
I created The Experiment Canvas™ as part of the Human-Centered Innovation Toolkit™ to help teams instrument for learning fast in iterative new product or service development. The canvas makes the experiment visual and collaborative — so alignment, accountability, and outcomes improve together. Specs can follow. Hope should not lead.
Used well, the canvas helps you:
Accelerate speed — by sequencing the questions that matter (physics before scale; safety before market theater; cost before Series B fantasy).
Raise odds of success — by naming helpers, resources, assumptions, and barriers before the first dollar of build.
Cull likely failures early — with fail-fast gates and learning metrics that can say “no” while the bet is still cheap.
How The Experiment Canvas™ Structures a Bet
Each canvas asks the same disciplined questions, in roughly this flow:
Zone
What it forces
Hypothesis
The question, feasibility/viability/desirability angles, fatal flaws, adoption blockers
Who can help / resources / risks
Real people, real tools, real downside — not a slide of optimism
Phases 1–3
Setup, execution, wrap-up with evidence, insight, and next gate
Assumptions & barriers
What must be true — and what can stop you
Learning metrics
Three measures that can falsify the bet
To show how this works on something intentionally extreme, I recently built five Experiment Canvas examples (CLICK THEM to get the big version) for a hypothetical gravity control appliance. The point is not sci-fi cosplay. The point is method: even a moonshot becomes manageable when you break it into experiments that can fail honestly.
Example 1 — Physics Feasibility: Is There Any Measurable Effect?
Core hypothesis: Can we create >0.1% weight reduction on a 1kg mass — or is there any measurable effect at all?
This first canvas attacks the fatal question: is there a signal, or are we chasing EMI / magnetic tricks and reputational risk? Helpers include a chief scientist, a gravimetry lab, metrology, and an external skeptic reviewer. Learning metrics demand delta-G, signal-to-noise (>3 sigma), and repeatability. Next gate: if yes → energy test; if no → pivot or kill.
Example 1 — Physics feasibility: measurable effect, SNR, and repeatability before any product story.
Example 2 — Energy Efficiency: Is the Cost Per Newton Survivable?
Core hypothesis: Can we achieve >1 Newton of lift per kW — and modulate ±2% for 60 seconds — without an energy cost that makes the product impossible?
Prerequisite: Example 1 success. This canvas puts power electronics, thermal management, and fail-fast gates on the page (>5 kW/N kills the path). Metrics: watts per Newton, modulation accuracy, thermal stability. Insight: is the curve linear — or a cliff? Soft landings for radical tech start with honesty about energy economics.
Example 2 — Energy efficiency: cost per Newton, modulation, and thermal limits with a fail-fast gate.
Example 3 — Safety Envelope: Is Exposure Safe Enough to Sell?
Core hypothesis: Is 8-hour exposure at 0.5G at 1 meter safe — for cells, electronics, and humans?
Prerequisite: a stable Example 2. Here feasibility, desirability, and viability collide: bio impact, EMC, nausea, regulatory classification, liability. Metrics include cell viability (>95% vs control), bit-error rate / EMC compliance, and human symptom reports. Next: define a safety manual and exclusion zone — or stop before market theater begins.
Example 3 — Safety: biological, electronic, and human-factor metrics that define the operating envelope.
Example 4 — Market Desirability: Who Has Gravity Pain Worth Paying For?
Core hypothesis: Which segment has ~$10M gravity-related pain — and will they sign LOIs at real price points ($120k+ / $520k+), or is this cool tech nobody wants?
Prerequisite: safety envelope from Example 3. This is the desirability canvas — interviews, pain scores, willingness to pay, and traction via pilot LOIs. Done when you have enough contact evidence for a go or a clear no-go. Building without a segment that hurts is innovation theater with better physics.
Example 4 — Market desirability: segment pain, willingness to pay, and LOI traction before beta spend.
Example 5 — Manufacturing Viability: Can We Build 10 Betas Under $50k BOM?
Core hypothesis: Can we build 10 beta units at under $50k bill of materials — with a real path through supply chain, yield, and compliance?
This viability canvas asks whether the existing supply chain works, whether FCC/OSHA/product safety is a path or a wall, and whether cost or yield kills margin. Fail fast if BOM exceeds $100k. Metrics: unit cost, manufacturability (yield and hours), compliance blockers. Next: if cost and path are clear → fund the next round; if not → redesign before you scale a fantasy.
Example 5 — Manufacturing viability: BOM, yield, and compliance path before you scale.
What These Five Canvases Teach About Speed and Success
Read the five examples in sequence and a pattern appears:
Sequence the fatal questions. Physics before energy. Energy before safety. Safety before market. Market before manufacturing scale.
Write the kill criteria in advance. Null result, >5 kW/N, unsafe exposure, no LOIs, BOM blowout — each canvas names how to stop.
Make learning metrics falsifiable. Three metrics per canvas beat a hundred vanity KPIs.
Surface helpers, risks, assumptions, and barriers. Innovation fails politically as often as it fails scientifically.
Treat wrap-up as a decision, not a report. Evidence → insight → next gate. No cemetery of unfinished experiments.
You do not need a gravity appliance to use the method. You need a bet you are tempted to fund on enthusiasm alone — and the discipline to instrument learning before the money gets loud.
Download The Experiment Canvas™ and Run Your Next Bet
The Experiment Canvas™ is available as a free, premium 35″ × 56″ scalable PDF — suitable for wall-sized workshops, 11″ × 17″ (A3) printing, or as a background in Miro, Mural, Lucid, Microsoft Whiteboard, and similar tools. It is one of the optional components of the Human-Centered Innovation Toolkit™.
Write the hypothesis. Name the metrics that can kill the bet. Run the experiment. Soft landings for innovation are designed — one falsifiable canvas at a time.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is The Experiment Canvas™?
The Experiment Canvas™ is a free innovation tool by Braden Kelley for structuring experiments that test feasibility, viability, and desirability. It covers hypothesis, helpers, resources, risks, setup/execution/wrap-up phases, assumptions, barriers, and learning metrics.
How does The Experiment Canvas™ accelerate innovation?
It forces teams to write a falsifiable hypothesis, sequence fatal questions, name kill criteria and learning metrics, and decide next steps based on evidence — so weak bets die early and strong bets get clearer gates before capital scales.
What are feasibility, viability, and desirability in innovation experiments?
Feasibility asks whether it can work technically. Desirability asks whether humans want it enough to hire it. Viability asks whether it can be made, sold, and sustained economically and legally. The Experiment Canvas™ helps you instrument learning across all three.
Why use a gravity control appliance as an Experiment Canvas example?
An intentionally extreme hypothetical shows the method under stress: physics, energy, safety, market, and manufacturing each get their own canvas with kill criteria. If the tool works for a moonshot-style idea, it works for the bets already on your roadmap.
Image Credits: Gemini
Content Authenticity Statement: The topic area, key elements to focus on, etc. were decisions made by Braden Kelley, with a little help from Cursor to clean up the article.
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At the beginning of each month, we will profile the ten articles from the previous month that generated the most traffic to Human-Centered Change & Innovation. Did your favorite make the cut?
But enough delay, here are August’s ten most popular innovation posts:
If you’re not familiar with Human-Centered Change & Innovation, we publish 4-7 new articles every week built around innovation and transformation insights from our roster of contributing authors and ad hoc submissions from community members. Get the articles right in your Facebook, Twitter or Linkedin feeds too!
Have something to contribute?
Human-Centered Change & Innovation is open to contributions from any and all innovation and transformation professionals out there (practitioners, professors, researchers, consultants, authors, etc.) who have valuable human-centered change and innovation insights to share with everyone for the greater good. If you’d like to contribute, please contact me.
P.S. Here are our Top 40 Innovation Bloggers lists from the last five years:
$2.6M+ to Film a Future Worth Building — And Why You Should Vote Now
by Braden Kelley and Art Inteligencia
Innovation Shows Up First as a Story
Innovation almost always shows up first as a story. Someone writes down the submarine, the moon landing, the video call — and decades later we build it. Culture dreams of a destination. Engineering finds the path.
That is the remit of the Future Vision XPRIZE: a global competition — with a $3.5M+ prize pool and a $2.6M+ grand prize path to turn a short vision into a feature film — asking creators to show an optimistic, abundant, technology-enabled future worth wanting. Not a utopia without stakes. Not dystopia as the only imagination we fund. A future where humanity faces real danger and still figures something out — or at least believes it can.
The assignment was clear: a trailer of up to three minutes, plus a treatment of up to twelve pages, depicting a compelling hopeful future. Tools were wide open — traditional filmmaking, animation, AI, hybrids. The spirit was Star Trek’s deeper bet: that humanity can evolve intellectually, ethically, and socially toward greater understanding, possibility, and purpose. Judges for the competition include voices such as Neil deGrasse Tyson, Neal Stephenson, Mira Lane, and Rod Roddenberry. Finals land live at Moonshots LIVE in Los Angeles on September 25, 2026.
Why This Competition Matters Beyond the Prize
Incentive competitions are how XPRIZE has long pulled breakthroughs into the open. Future Vision flips the lens: the breakthrough here is collective imagination. Cautionary tales still matter — they help us navigate risk. But builders also need a north star. Soft landings for technology are designed. Soft landings for culture start with stories that make a better Tuesday feel real enough to pursue.
That is why this prize can inspire more than filmmakers and futurists. When the public watches fifty short visions of progress — climate and cities, longevity and memory, oceans and robotics, first contact and consciousness — people are not only entertained. They are rehearsing what “good” might look like. They are practicing hope with craft. Innovators get a richer brief than a white paper. Citizens get permission to want a future that is not only less bad, but more human.
Key Themes Across the Top 50
From more than 2,500 submissions, Range, XPRIZE, and Google selected fifty official films. Browse them and a pattern emerges — not a single prescribed future, but a cluster of human-centered themes:
Connection and consciousness — how we stay human to each other when tools get intimate with mind and dream.
Memory, biotech, and longevity — what we inherit, repair, and refuse to treat as disposable.
Nature, climate, oceans, and energy — technology solving real planetary constraints, not escaping them in costume.
AI, robotics, and cities — intelligence and infrastructure as partners in thriving, not only engines of extraction.
Space and first contact — exploration as shared purpose, not only conquest theater.
The competition’s own brief says it well: technology solving problems, humanity thriving (not merely surviving), a future worth building, and stories that move people emotionally. The Top 50 are the proof that creators worldwide answered that brief with ambition.
Trailers Beat Paper Scripts — And AI Changed Who Can Compete
For decades, “vision” in innovation and entertainment often traveled as a PDF: treatments, decks, and scripts that only a small room could feel. A trailer is different. In three minutes you either earn belief or you do not. You show the stakes, the texture, the emotional residue. Creative teams get to demonstrate their thinking — world, tone, character, craft — over and above the traditional paper scripts that usually get circulated and politely ignored.
AI did not invent storytelling. It did change the cost of a compelling, professional-looking trailer. Small teams can now prototype cinematic language that once required budgets only studios could touch. That is not a guarantee of soul — fluency without contact is still decoration — but it is a genuine opening. More than 2,500 submissions is not a marketing slogan. It is evidence that the barrier to showing a future dropped, and the world answered.
Used well, AI becomes a soft landing for creation: glue and production friction absorbed so human judgment, taste, and meaning stay in the frame. Used poorly, it becomes dystopia cosplay at higher RPM. The Future Vision XPRIZE rewards the former — visions with craft and hope that still feel earned.
Pairwise Voting Is Open on the 50 Finalists
Right now the public gets a real job. The SPECS Audience Choice Award puts $100,000 behind crowd favorites — $50K for first, $30K for second, $10K for third, and $5K each for fourth and fifth — decided entirely by vote. Crowdvoting is powered in partnership with SIV.org, and the experience is built as a simple, human question: Which future do you prefer?
That pairwise framing matters. You are not ranking fifty titles in the abstract. You are choosing between living visions — side by side — the way culture actually chooses what it wants more of. Watch. Compare. Vote. On September 25, the Top 5 also screen live in Los Angeles, with the grand prize path aimed at producing the winning feature with Range Media Partners and a $2.6M+ package ($100K cash for screenplay development plus $2.5M equity investment toward production), alongside runners-up and Top 10 prizes across the wider pool.
How to Vote — and a Preview of My Top 3
You can watch the Top 50 and cast your Audience Choice votes at https://vote.futurevisionxprize.com/. It takes about a minute to start — and every pairwise choice is a small act of futurology: telling the culture which north stars deserve oxygen.
Here is a preview of my Top 3 from the fifty. These are not the only films worth your time — watch widely — but they are the three I keep returning to:
1. PROVENANCE — Chris Winterton
Themes: Memory · Biotech · Connection. In 2160, ancestral memory is inherited through craft, and a young ceramicist starts inheriting the one memory she cannot hold. Human-centered sci-fi at its best: technology intimate with identity, dignity still in the room.
Themes: Consciousness · Connection. Two teenagers meet inside on-demand lucid dreams and go looking for the boundless world childhood promised. A reminder that optimistic futures are not only about machines — they are about what we still long for when the tools get powerful.
Themes: Space · First Contact. A space trucker hauling a town-sized asteroid to an Earth he’s never touched finds a stowaway carrying proof we were never alone. Exploration with grit, wonder, and a future that still has room for surprise.
Stories shape what we fund, what we build, and what we forgive ourselves for wanting. Future Vision XPRIZE is a rare chance to put public imagination on a scoreboard that still has money, stages, and makers attached. Watch the fifty. Prefer a future on purpose. Soft landings for humanity start with north stars we can feel.
I’m curious! Please SHARE YOUR TOP 3 in the comments.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the Future Vision XPRIZE?
Future Vision XPRIZE is a global sci-fi film competition from XPRIZE (with partners including Google and Range) inviting creators to submit up to three-minute trailers of optimistic, abundant futures. The prize pool is $3.5M+, with a $2.6M+ grand prize path to develop the winning vision into a feature film.
How do you vote in the Future Vision XPRIZE Audience Choice Award?
Go to https://vote.futurevisionxprize.com/ and compare finalist visions in a pairwise “Which future do you prefer?” experience. The SPECS Audience Choice Award distributes $100,000 based entirely on public voting. You can also browse all 50 official selections at https://fvxp.moonshots.com/.
How many submissions did Future Vision XPRIZE receive?
More than 2,500 films were entered worldwide. Fifty were selected as official finalists for public voting and the path toward live finals in Los Angeles on September 25, 2026.
What themes appear in Future Vision XPRIZE finalists?
Finalist themes span AI, biotech, cities, connection, consciousness, energy, first contact, longevity, memory, nature and climate, oceans, robotics, and space — unified by the remit of technology solving problems and humanity thriving in a future worth building.
Can AI be used to create a Future Vision XPRIZE trailer?
Yes. Competition guidelines allowed any production tools — traditional filming, animation, AI, or hybrids. AI lowered the barrier to professional-looking trailers and helped enable the scale of 2,500+ submissions, while human craft and hopeful storytelling remain what the remits reward.
Image Credits: Cursor
Content Authenticity Statement: The topic area, key elements to focus on, etc. were decisions made by Braden Kelley, with a little help from Cursor to clean up the article.
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Bicycles are big business. It’s hard to get an exact figure but estimates suggest there are around 2 billion bikes in the world today. And of course they exist in all sorts of shapes and sizes — town bikes, racing bikes, mountain bikes, foldable bikes, electric bikes and many more besides. They’re available in cutting-edge high tech versions but their underlying design is very simple. They’re very green — once built they can be repaired and resurrected, some live for ages, handed on from generation to generation.
But bicycles weren’t always around and perhaps it’s worth reflecting a little more on their history, not least because it can teach us some useful lessons about innovation. In particular how (or not) to manage it for impact and scale.
In the earliest days — around 3500 BC — the Mesopotamians used them to make pottery which seems to be the first application of this breakthrough idea. The problem with using them for transport wasn’t so much the wheel as finding an axle strong enough to enable the wheels to work. It took another 300 years before new materials and better carpentry techniques led to their being fixed to chariots and ushering in the era of mobile warfare. But once the wheels started rolling they were attached to an increasing variety of military and domestic vehicles, so it was only going to be a matter of time before someone came up with the idea of using them to enable personal transportation.
Well quite a lot of time, actually. Although there’s probably a sketch for something resembling a bike in Leonardo da Vinci’s notebooks or in some other inventor’s imagination, the reality is that it wasn’t until the early 19 century that the vehicle that we know and love began to see the light of day. That shouldn’t surprise us — innovation depends on a mixture of needs and means and the idea of personal transportation never mind the technologies to enable it was not a particularly high priority. People didn’t travel far — and if they did Nature had already supplied a robust solution in the form of horses (or mules, camels and other alternatives).
The average human being can walk at around 5 km per hour so covering any distance is going to take time and effort. Enter Baron von Drais, a minor aristocrat in Germany who in 1817 came up with the ‘Laufmaschine’ — walking machine — otherwise known as the Draisienne. He was already an experienced engineer and inventor, having come up with several working prototypes for devices like a piano music recording system, a periscope, and a typewriter. (All ideas which turned out, much later, to have considerable significance but not in the form he developed them). And he had a passion for horseless transportation.
This wasn’t some idle curiosity or pet project. Times were tough in the years of the Napoleonic wars and grain prices were high, something not helped by the failure of harvests in 1816. This was the so-called ‘year without a summer’ when the fallout (literally) from a volcanic eruption in south east Asia blotted out the sun. People died of starvation — and horses had an even harder time of it, either starving themselves or else used for food. The possibilities of their being used for transportation shrank faster than the animals themselves.
Drais was also aware of new technologies and materials which he could make use of and he developed a working prototype of his machine on which he could cover the kilometres around his home town of Karlsruhe. He experimented with variations including a four wheeled passenger carriage powered by an (unlucky) servant whose job was to pedal on planks connected to the wheels. But his breakthrough idea was a two-wheeler — the Draisienne. This did away with pedals; instead the rider sat and scooted along the ground with his feet — a kind of adult version of the child’s hobby-horse.
There was nothing childish about the impact this had on moving around the place though. On 12 June 1817, a crowd gathered along the best road in Mannheim, Germany to watch him climb aboard and set out for the Schwetzinger Relaishaus (a coaching inn, located in nearby Rheinau. Less than an hour later, he was back, having completed the 13km round trip in a quarter of the time it would take to walk.
He was a man of vision — and saw the potential for what he had built. By October 1817, he had produced 3-page brochure of laufmaschine designs which pictured possible applications (such as for military couriers or in the postal service) as well as general and leisure transport. He proposed different models with both 2 and 4 wheels and even a tandem and potential customers could choose between standard machiens or customised version. The French version of the brochure, published a year later, included accessories such as lamps, an umbrella and even a sail to help with extra momentum on windy days.
Drais’s laufmaschine was pretty heavy by today’s standards, weighing in at 22kg, made mostly of wood but with hoops of iron nailed to the wheels to function as tyres. This design had an unfortunate side-effect because it made any journey on the fairly primitive roads of the time somewhat less than comfortable. At least the machine was blessed with a brake on the rear wheel; perhaps more important were some of the technologies Drais put to use in his design, like the brass bushes inside the wheel bearings (which enabled the wheels to turn freely) and a trailer to the front wheel which helped the rider maintain balance.
Drais had the vision to see the possibilities in his machine — but he didn’t really have a business model to help him create and capture value from it. Although he staged a number of impressive demonstrations around Europe the reception was mixed and once the novelty wore off the market retreated to being one for hobbyists and pleasure seekers. Riding rinks (where customers could rent a machine for an hour or so) appeared in the parks of various European cities but the mainstream dream of providing personal transportation faded. It wasn’t helped by the appalling state of the roads at the time; without any form of shock absorbers the seat, despite being well-padded, was not a comfortable place to spend much of the day.
‘All’s fair in love and war’ is a principle which often also seems to extend to innovation. The pattern is one of imitation and the first mover is not always the one who can gain advantage, especially if they have inadequate protection for their intellectual property. Drais had tried to patent his idea but it only applied locally, a loophole quickly spotted and exploited by an Englishman, Denis Johnson. He’d seen the early demonstrations and guessed at the significant opportunity such machines might offer. So he set about patenting the idea in England and then building in more systematic fashion a business model around which it might be exploited.
Johnson was a coachmaker so he quickly worked out how to build the machines; what he had to do was create and grow the market. He advertised, offered demonstration machines, organised racing competitions and even established two riding schools where people could learn the skills involved. He adapted the product so that his ‘pedestrian curricle’ had a Ladies Walking Machine variant with a lower saddle such that women could mount the machine decorously.
He was particularly successful in attracting the attention of the young men of the time. This was the era of Beau Brummel and the London Dandies and they enthusiastically took up the idea, adding to it all sorts of fashion accessories — boots, gloves, etc — without which the daredevil owner would not be seen about town. Its popularity amongst this group was heightened by the inherently unsafe nature of something ridden about narrow streets at (relatively) high speed which offered thrills (and accidents) a-plenty until an increasing number of city authorities began banning the machine
It was an expensive hobby. Retailing for around £10 (about £750) it carried additional running costs. Riders wore out their expensive leather boots surprisingly rapidly, and the imposition of fines of £2 (£150 today) for riding on the pavement added to the burden. The fashion for draisiennes began to fade but the real reason for their failure to reach a wider market was down to much simpler economics. By 1820, the price of oats had come back down to pre-1815 levels, and horses were readily available to those who could afford them.
Innovation isn’t just a gleam in the eye, a flash of insight and then instant creation. It’s a lot of hard work, experimentation and improvisation to bring that dream to reality. But even when the first fruits are there there’s still plenty of room for improvement. As Johnson showed, there’s plenty of scope for doing things better, sorting out the bugs and wrinkles, continuously improving on the design. It’s a pattern of restless experimentation, pushing the frontiers of what might be possible. Metalworking technology in particular was improving such that machines could be made strong and (relatively) light, displacing wood as the only means of construction. People explored using different numbers of wheels — two, three, four, more even — opening up the possibilities of carrying multiple passengers.
But innovation is also about sudden leaps, of someone else very often picking up the baton and giving the wheel an extra hard push that sends it off in a new direction. Sometimes this is about timing — a technology which wasn’t available earlier on suddenly appears . or a market which didn’t exist begins to grow to the point where there is a demand for the innovation, pulling it in new refreshed directions. Whatever, this pattern of ‘punctuated equilibrium’ is at the heart of most innovation stories. And in the case of the bicycle it certainly was.
If you are going to have a mysterious legend to weave about the next phase of bicycle innovation where better to do it than Scotland? Land of towering mountains, shady glens, deep lochs and plenty of rain to fill them. Shrouded in mists and secrecy — and home, amongst others to a blacksmith named Kirkpatrick McMillan.
Macmillan completed construction of a pedal driven bicycle of wood in 1839, one which also included iron-rimmed wooden wheels, a steerable wheel in the front and a larger wheel in the rear which was connected to pedals via connecting rods. Various accounts tell of his travelling about the roads near Kier and regularly making the journey to the town of Dumfries (14 miles away) in less than an hour.
He was a modest man and his claim to innovation fame doesn’t rest on patents so much as PR, particularly the research of his relative James Johnston in the 1890s. Johnston wanted “to prove that to my native country of Dumfries belongs the honour of being the birthplace of the invention of the bicycle”. He might have been a little creative with his reworking of history, suggesting for example that Macmillan was the gentleman in question in a Glasgow newspaper report in 1842 of an accident in which an anonymous “gentleman from Dumfries-shire… bestride a velocipede… of ingenious design” knocked over a pedestrian in the Gorbals and was fined five British shillings”.
A criminal record is perhaps not the strongest piece of intellectual property protection and a more robust claim to be the pedal innovator lies with the French. Specifically a young blacksmith and machinist from the town of Nancy called Pierre Lallement. He developed his ideas in 1863 and showed them off publicly during the next year; moved to the USA in 1865 and in the following year registered US Patent number 59915 for his version of the ‘velocipede’.
So most people give the pedal crown — and with it the title of inventor of the modern bicycle — to Lallement. But he was not alone.
In the early 1860s Pierre Michaux (yet another blacksmith) had a successful business producing parts for the carriage trade and had diversified into making “vélocipède à pédales” on a small scale. Across Paris two brothers, Andre and Rene Olivier were students but also came from a wealthy family. This enabled them not only to be early adopters of the bicycle, (enjoying a memorable road trip in 1865 from Avignon to Paris which took them 8 days) but also to become the first entrepreneurs in the game. They saw the considerable potential in pedal cycles and teamed up with Michaux, brought in another friend George de la Boublise and in 1868 set up a partnership to make and sell them.
For a while France (and Paris with its smooth flat roads) became the focus of a market which grew in popularity on both sides of the Atlantic. But a combination of the Franco-Prussian war of 1870 (which stopped French cyclists) and bad roads (whose boneshaking characteristics held back even the hardiest of north American users) meant that the centre of innovation gravity moved to Britain.
Pedal power depends on how much you can push — and cycle design next began to explore ways of maximising this. Two wheels of equal size aren’t particularly good in this equation; better is to have as long a stride as possible since the larger the wheel, the further you can go with one rotation of the pedals. So wheels became higher and higher, the only limit being the length of the rider’s legs. It’s an idea which is good for propulsion but not so good for steering or balance. And so bicycles became ever more exotic looking in their arrangements of wheels and sizes, not least giving birth to the familiar ‘penny farthing’ shape.
But although high wheelers experienced some market growth they weren’t really practical for the average man or woman on the street. Enter John Kemp Starley, an English inventor who came up with a winning idea for a “safety bicycle”, one which would appeal to a much bigger market. His first model was the “Ariel” launched in 1871 and although still featuring wheels of different sizes it was getting closer to a configuration which people would accept. Not least because he integrated many of the key features which people valued — improvements in stability, comfort, usability _especially steering), and all at a price they could afford.
Starley was a classic innovator and over the next fifteen years he developed an increasing range of machines, drawing in ideas and technologies from all over the place. Learning all the time with the market about what it actually wanted, not least through the experience of dissatisfied riders.
For example he sorted out the problem with the wheels. Early bikes had heavy wooden wheels with iron rims but in 1849 William Stanley had invented steel-wheel spider spokes. In 1868, Eugene Meyer in Paris developed an all-metal wheel that relied on the tension of wires rather than compression of heavy metal spokes to achieve structural integrity. Two years later, William Henry James Grout, a builder of velocipedes from Shadwell, London, patented spokes that had eyed nipples at the outer end. Starley drew these ideas together to create (and patent) the spoked wheel in 1874 which gave a much more comfortable ride because of its sprung nature and it also made bicycles much lighter.
In similar fashion he took other ideas and used them as ingredients in the innovation soup which was now coming nicely to the boil. Finally in 1885, Starley introduced the “Rover.” With its nearly equal-sized wheels, centre pivot steering and differential gears that operate with a chain drive, Starley’s “Rover” was the first highly practical iteration of the bicycle. Like Henry Ford with his Model T twenty years later he’d produced the bicycle for Everyman (and woman). It became the dominant design — and it’s pretty much the same shape as we’d recognise today.
Starley’s work kick-started the industry into its growth phase. His company grew and with it the product range, opening up cycling to a wide market in the ways Baron von Drais had dreamt about seventy years earlier. The safety bicycle completely displaced the high wheeler and by 1889 there were around 200,000 bicycles on the roads of Europe.
Ten years later over a million machines were being pedalled around the world. Innovation didn’t stop there — and with each new development the pace of growth accelerated. Pneumatic tyres made of rubber made for a smoother ride, chain drives meant the power came from the rear wheel leaving the front to steer and making cornering easier. The application of gears helped tame even the most stubborn of inclines and opened up the whole landscape to conquest by bicycle. And inventors began looking to provide alternatives to legs as the main power source, with a battery electric cycle appearing. And over in Germany Gottfried Daimler played around with hooking an internal combustion engine up to a cycle to create the motorbike…..
So it’s not entirely surprising that we now have 2 billion bicycles pedalling their way along roads and up and down the mountainsides of the world. There’s still plenty of scope for further innovation, for branching in new directions and picking up old ones — the e-scooter craze looks like a good candidate for becoming the next major shift, with not a few nods back in the direction of good old Baron von Drais. What’s clear , though, is that these innovations will only take hold and become widely adopted if we pay attention to working at the system level.
Successful scaling of innovation is all about wheels within wheels…
Innovation isn’t a thing in itself. Companies need to meet their growth objectives and innovation is the word experts use to describe the practices and behaviors they think will maximize the likelihood of meeting those growth objectives. Innovation is a catchword phrase that has little to no meaning. Don’t ask about innovation, ask how to meet your business objectives. Don’t ask about best practices, ask how has your company been successful and how to build on that success. Don’t ask how the big companies have done it – you’re not them. And, the behaviors of the successful companies are the same behaviors of the unsuccessful companies. The business books suffer from selection bias. You can’t copy another company’s innovation approach. You’re not them. And your project is different and so is the context.
With innovation, the biggest waste of emotional energy is quest for (and arguments around) best practices. Because innovation is done in domains of high ambiguity, there can be no best practices. Your project has no similarity with your previous projects or the tightest case studies in the literature. There may be good practice or emergent practice, but there can be no best practice. When there is no uncertainty and no ambiguity, a project can use best practices. But, that’s not innovation. If best practices are a strong tenant of your innovation program, run away.
The front end of the innovation process is all about choosing projects. If you want to be more innovative, choose to work on different projects. It’s that simple. But, make no mistake, the principle may be simple the practice is not. Though there’s no acid test for innovation, here are three rules to get you started. (And if you pass these three tests, you’re on your way.)
If you’ve done it before, it’s not innovation.
If you know how it will turn out, it’s not innovation.
If it doesn’t scare the hell out of you, it’s not innovation.
Once a project is selected, the next cataclysmic waste of time is the construction of a detailed project plan. With a well-defined project, a well-defined project plan is a reasonable request. But, for an innovation project with a high degree of ambiguity, a well-defined project plan is impossible. If your innovation leader demands a detailed project plan, it’s usually because they are used running to well-defined continuous improvement projects. If for your innovation projects you’re asked for a detailed project plan, run away.
With innovation projects, you can define step 1. And step 2? It depends. If step 1 works, modify step 2 based on the learning and try step 2. And if step 1 doesn’t work, reformulate step 1 and try again. Repeat this process until the project is complete. One step at a time until you’re done.
Innovation projects are unpredictable. If your innovation projects require hard completion dates, run away.
Innovation projects are all about learning and they are best defined and managed using Learning Objectives (LOs). Instead of step 1 and step 2, think LO1 and LO2. Though there’s little written about LOs, there’s not much to them. Here’s the taxonomy of a LO: We want to learn if [enter what you want to learn]. Innovation projects are nothing more than a series of interconnected LOs. LO2 may require the completion of LO1 or L1 and LO2 could be done in parallel, but that’s your call. Your project plan can be nothing more than a precedence diagram of the Learning Objectives. There’s no need for a detailed Gantt chart. If you’re asked for a detailed Gantt chart, you guessed it – run away.
The Learning Objective defines what you learn, how you want to learn, who will do the learning and when they want to do it. The best way to track LOs is with an Excel spreadsheet with one tab for each LO. For each LO tab, there’s a table that defines the actions, who will do them, what they’ll measure and when they plan to get the actions done. Since the tasks are tightly defined, it’s possible to define reasonable dates. But, since there can be a precedence to the LOs (LO2 depends on the successful completion of LO1), LO2 can be thought of a sequence of events that start when LO1 is completed. In that way, an innovation project can be defined with a single LO spreadsheet that defines the LOs, the tasks to achieve the LOs, who will do the tasks, how success will be determined and when the work will be done. If you want to learn how to do innovation, learn how to use Learning Objectives.
There are more element of innovation to discuss, for example how to define customer segments, how to identify the most important problems, how to create creative solutions, how to estimate financial value of a project and how to go to market. But, those are for another post.
Until then, why not choose a project that scares you, define a small set of Learning Objectives and get going?
Image credits: Pixabay
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It is not unusual, especially in the corporate world, to label someone who disrupts and challenges the status quo, or what others say, as argumentative and “oppositional”. According to Human Synergistics, the Oppositional Style, in their circumplex, when measured as a dominant leadership style, is summarized in their 360-degree Leadership Styles Inventory (LSI) by two items: “usually against things” and “opposes new ideas.” It labels the person, or leader as being aggressively defensive and causes them to disengage by avoiding engaging in any kind of conflict, dissent and disagreement. This inhibits and prevents them from unleashing their creative thinking and their innovation potential.
In my many years as a corporate trainer presenting high-performance cultures and transformational leadership programs, I learned to apply my imagination, curiosity and inquiry skills to be attentively present, listen deeply and ask generative questions. This helped me develop strategies to unleash a person’s innovation potential by encouraging and enabling thoughtful dissent and disagreement. I learned to uncover and recognize a leader’s energy and positive intent behind many of the scary, argumentative, hostile, contrary, critical, and aggressive behaviors directed at me, especially in my years upfront as a female corporate trainer in many toxic organizational cultures.
I often found that they were compromised in some way by their personal and family needs and values, their assumptions and beliefs about themselves and their performance at work, poor physical and mental health, and/or a lack of emotional well-being. Any one of these factors made them self-protective, leading to either overt aggression toward others, passive avoidance of conflict, or an unconscious refusal to engage in thoughtful dissent and disagreement because they did not want to be perceived as hostile and argumentative.
All of these unconscious reactive responses inhibited them from unleashing their creative thinking and innovative potential.
This blog explores the power of unleashing creative thinking and innovation potential through supporting people to thoughtfully dissent and disagree – by using conflict as a catalyst for better decision-making, problem-solving, and strengthened collaboration and innovation – not as a barrier.
Unconscious reactive responses
This manifests as a neurologically challenging reactive response, as people’s brains are wired to defend and protect them to ensure their survival. These defensive responses are composed of fight/flight/freeze/fawn reactions and arise when people face what their neurology (the limbic system) perceives as a threat to their security, safety, or survival.
These reactions stem from past experiences and traumas that are often stored in people’s somatic memories. They become neurologically wired and embedded in people’s habitual ways of being unless they are noticed, labelled, accepted, acknowledged and owned. Until there is a safe holding space for this to happen, it will be impossible to unleash their creative thinking and innovation potential.
Safe holding spaces
Once a safe holding space is established, an oppositional person can be carefully and empathetically challenged, disputed, deviated from, and redirected towards more self-regulated, resourceful, and emotionally healthy states and new approaches. This involves bravely engaging them in thoughtful dissent and disagreement, despite being encased in a toxic organizational culture. Its about building permission, safety and trust to encourage creative thinking that unleashes a persons innovation potential.
Fight-flight-freeze and fawn responses
The amygdala is designed to detect threats and trigger the fight-flight-freeze response to help people survive
A fight response involves standing our ground when we feel threatened, driven by anger, fear, and anxiety.
A flight response entails moving away from or avoiding a situation to reduce painful feelings.
A freeze response involves shutting down, feeling numb, or experiencing paralysis to reduce painful feelings, resulting in immobility.
A fawn response involves appeasing and placating others or seeking approval while neglecting the need to feel safe.
Role of smart conflict, thoughtful dissent and disagreement
This is particularly evident in political and organizational contexts, where people are suffering from change fatigue and overwork. As a result, they unconsciously disengage from their work, families, and daily lives through a flight-or-freeze response, driven by burnout, the pursuit of external validation (a fawn response), or frustration and anger (usually a fight response). A combination of any or all of these largely unconscious but fully present reactive responses creates toxic organizational cultures, in which leaders’ behaviors are either passively or aggressively defensive in their attempts to meet people’s core security, safety, and survival needs. Leaders avoid encouraging or engaging in thoughtful dissent and disagreement that mobilizes people’s creative and critical thinking and unleashes their innovation potential.
The constraints and challenges of the pandemic, coupled with threats to people’s stability and the desire for certainty, also led many people in organizations to fear that their needs for security, safety, and survival would not, and could not, be met. These fears unconsciously intensified people’s defensiveness and reactivity, leading to immobilization through passivity, helplessness, hopelessness, powerlessness, disengagement, and detachment. This indicates a lack of emotional intelligence, largely due to the absence of initial self-regulation and self-leadership strategies. It is easier and sometimes safer to be a victim and blame others for any negative, pessimistic, or painful feelings of shame, guilt, and embarrassment, resulting from competing commitments, value violations, thought distortions, and emotional dissociation.
These emotionally overwhelming and cognitively overloading factors are also accepted inhibitors to unleashing a person’s innovative potential, especially when they are unable to engage in thoughtful dissent and disagreement under the influence of a toxic organizational culture.
Making the shift
To support people to effectively shift this way of being and safely unleash their creative thinking and innovation potential:
It is crucial to develop and apply the generative discovery skillset to welcome dissent and thoughtful disagreement:
Notice: by being aware and attentively present to what is happening to, and within the person, neurologically and physiologically, emotionally, cognitively and physically.
Disrupt: by being curious and safely asking open, explorative discovery questions, and by listening carefully to hear and notice what is really going on for them.
Dispute: by safely summarizing and challenging their assumptions, perceptions and perspectives, asking evocative and provocative questions that encourage contrary thinking, diversity of thought, differences and constructive disagreement.
Deviate: by safely summarizing and eliciting a mindset flip or an agility shift in the oppositional person, directing their creative energy towards constructive behaviors that deliver a positive outcome.
This enables people to redirect their emotional energy and move away from unresourceful internal thought patterns and distortions. It also encourages them to open their minds to thoughtful dissent and disagreement, allowing them to think differently and enter creative and innovative realms.
This is impossible when toxic organizational cultures force people to hide behind conventional, rigid, and closed minds that won’t allow them to rock the boat and be, think and act differently by intentionally using conflict constructively by embracing dissent and thoughtful disagreement
At the same time, it’s crucial to safely, empathically and compassionately evoke and provoke an opening of people’s hearts by purposefully and meaningfully aligning their needs and values, so that the change motivates them to change meaningfully and purposefully. This creates the safe holding space that allows them to let go of the need to be in control and be open-willed, unleashing their creative thinking and innovation potential to make the shift to the creative and innovative realms.
Empowering people and teams to redirect their emotional energy towards opening their minds to thoughtful dissent and disagreement allows them to handle hard conversations with constructive and creative intent.
Welcoming dissent and thoughtful disagreement involves daring yourself and others to be and think differently. Being able to think creatively maximize a person or a teams innovation potential, unleashes their human ingenuity in the age of AI, and mobilizes their collective intelligence to lead, manage, or implement constructive and sustainable change.
Leveraging constructive conflict, dissent and thoughtful disagreement unleashes people’s creative thinking and innovation potential and is a necessary part of enabling AI, digital transformation and innovation initiatives to succeed in uncertain and disruptive times.
Find out more about our work at ImagineNation™ and The Start-Up Game.™ Discover our collective learning products and tools that can be customized as playful bespoke corporate learning programs. Our blended and transformational change and learning programs provide a deep understanding of the language, principles, and applications of an ecosystem-focused, human-centric approach and emergent structure (Theory U) to innovation and entrepreneurship. It will also upskill people and teams, developing their future fitness within your unique digital transformation and innovation initiatives. Please find out more about our products and tools.
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Drum roll please…
