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Big Companies Should Not Try to Act Like Startups

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Big Companies Should Not Try to Act Like Startups

GUEST POST from Greg Satell

In 2009, Jeffrey Immelt set out on a journey to transform his company, General Electric, into a 124 year old startup. Although it was one of the largest private organizations in the world, with 300,000 employees, he sought to become agile and nimble enough to compete with high-flying Silicon Valley firms.

It didn’t end well. In 2017, problems in the firm’s power division led to massive layoffs. Immelt was forced to step down as CEO and GE was kicked off the Dow after 110 years. The company, which was once famous for its sound management, saw its stock tank. Much like most startups, the effort had failed.

Somewhere along the line we got it into our heads that large firms can’t innovate and should strive to act like startups. The truth is that they are very different types of organizations and need to innovate differently. While large firms can’t move as fast as startups, they have other advantages. Rather than try to act like startups, they need to leverage what they have.

Driving Innovation At Scale

The aviation industry is dominated by big companies. With a typical airliner costing tens of millions of dollars, there’s not much room for rapid prototyping. It takes years to develop a new product and the industry, perhaps not surprisingly, moves slowly. Planes today look pretty much the same as ones made decades ago.

Looks, however, can be deceiving. To understand how the aviation industry innovates, consider the case of Boeing’s 787 Dreamliner. Although it may look like any other airplane, Boeing redesigned the materials within it. So a 787 is 20 percent lighter and 20 percent more efficient than similar models. That’s a significant achievement.

Developing advanced materials is not for the faint of heart. You can’t do it in a garage. You need deep scientific expertise, state-of-the-art facilities and the resources to work for years—and sometimes decades— to discover something useful. Only large enterprises can do that,

None of this means that startups don’t have a role to play. In fact one small company, Citrine Informatics, is applying artificial intelligence to materials discovery and revolutionizing the field. Still, to take on big projects that have the potential to make huge global impacts, you usually need a large enterprise.

Powering Startups

All too often, we see large enterprises and startups as opposite sides of the coin, with big companies representing the old guard and entrepreneurs representing the new wave, but that’s largely a myth. The truth is that innovation often works best when large firms and small firms are able to collaborate.

Scott Lenet, President of Touchdown Ventures, sees this first-hand every day. His company is somewhat unique in that, unlike most venture capital firms, it manages internal funds for large corporations. He’s found that large corporations are often seen as value added investors because of everything they bring to the table.

“For example,” he told me, “one of our corporate partners is Kellogg’s and they have enormous resources in technical expertise, distribution relationships and marketing acumen. The company has been in business for over 100 years and it’s learned quite a bit about the food business in that time. So that’s an enormous asset for a startup to draw on.”

He also points out that, while large firms tend to know how to do things well, they can’t match the entrepreneurial energy of someone striving to build their own business. “Startups thrive on new ideas,” Lenet says “and big firms know how to scale and improve those ideas. We’ve seen some of our investments really blossom based on that kind of partnership.”

Creating New Markets

Another role that large firms play is creating and scaling new markets. While small firms are often more agile, large companies have the clout and resources to scale and drive impact. That often also creates opportunities for entrepreneurs as well.

Consider the case of personal computers. By 1980, startups like Apple and Commodore had already been marketing personal computers for years, but it was mostly a cottage industry. When IBM launched the PC in 1981, however, the market exploded. Businesses could now buy a computer from a supplier that they knew and trusted.

It also created fantastic opportunities for companies like Microsoft, Intel and a whole range of entrepreneurs who flocked to create software and auxiliary devices for PCs. Later startups like Compaq and Dell created PC clones that were compatible with IBM products. The world was never the same after that.

Today, large enterprises like IBM, Google and Amazon dominate the market for artificial intelligence, but once again they are also creating fantastic opportunities for entrepreneurs. By accessing the tools that the tech giants have created through APIs, small firms can create amazing applications for their customers.

Innovation Needs Exploration

Clearly, large firms have significant advantages when it comes to innovation. They have resources, customer relationships and deep expertise to not only invent new things, but to scale businesses and bring products to market. Still, many fail to innovate effectively, which is why the average lifespan of companies on the S&P 500 continues to decline.

There’s no reason why that has to be true. The problem is that most large organizations spend so much time and effort fine-tuning their operations to meet earnings targets that they fail to look beyond their present business model. That’s not due to any inherent lack of capability, it’s due to a lack of imagination.

Make no mistake, if you don’t explore, you won’t discover. If you don’t discover you won’t invent and if you don’t invent you will be disrupted. So while you need to focus on the business at hand, you also need to leave some resources un-optimized so that you can identify and develop the next great opportunity.

A good rule of thumb to follow is 70-20-10. Focus 70% of your resources on developing your present business, 20% of your resources on opportunities adjacent to your current business, such as new markets and technologies and 10% on developing things that are completely new. That’s how you innovate for the long term.

— Article courtesy of the Digital Tonto blog and previously appeared on Inc.com
— Image credit: Pixabay

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Four Change Empowerment Myths

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Four Change Empowerment Myths

GUEST POST from Greg Satell

We live in a transformational age. Powerful technologies like the cloud and artificial intelligence are quickly shifting what it means to compete. Social movements like #MeToo and #BlackLivesMatter are exposing decades of misdeeds and rewriting norms. The stresses of modern life are creating new expectations about the relationship between work and home.

Every senior manager and entrepreneur I talk to understands the need to transform their enterprise, yet most are unsure of how to go about it. They ordinarily don’t teach transformation in business school and most management books minimize the challenge by reducing it to silly platitudes like “adapt or die.”

The truth is that change is hard because the status quo always has inertia on its side. Before we can drive a true transformation, we need to unlearn much of what we thought we knew. Change will not happen just because we want it to, nor can it be willed into existence. To make change happen, we first need to overcome the myths that tend to undermine it.

Myth #1: You Have To Start With A Bang

Traditionally, managers launching a new initiative have aimed to start big. They work to gain approval for a sizable budget as a sign of institutional commitment. They recruit high-profile executives, arrange a big “kick-off” meeting and look to move fast, gain scale and generate some quick wins. All of this is designed to create a sense of urgency and inevitability.

That works well for a conventional initiative, but for something that’s truly transformational, it’s a sure path to failure. Starting with a big bang will often provoke fear and resistance among those who don’t see the need for change. As I explain in my book, Cascades, real change always starts with small groups, loosely connected, united by a shared purpose.

That’s why it’s best to start off with a keystone change that represents a concrete and tangible goal, involves multiple stakeholders and paves the way for future change. That’s how you build credibility and momentum. While the impact of that early keystone change might be limited, a small, but successful, initiative can show what’s possible.

For example, when the global data giant Experian sought to transform itself into a cloud-based enterprise, it started with internal API’s that had limited effect on its business. Yet those early achievements spurred on a full digital transformation. In much the same way, when Wyeth Pharmaceuticals began its shift to lean manufacturing, it started with a single process at a single plant. That helped give birth to a 25% reduction of costs across the board.

Myth #2: You Need A Charismatic Leader And A Catchy Slogan

When people think about truly transformational change, a charismatic leader usually comes to mind. In the political sphere, we think of people like Mahatma Gandhi, Martin Luther King Jr. and Nelson Mandela. On the corporate side, legendary CEOs like Lou Gerstner at IBM and Steve Jobs at Apple pulled off dramatic turnarounds and propelled their companies back to prosperity.

Yet many successful transformations don’t have a charismatic leader. Political movements like Pora in Ukraine and Otpor and Serbia didn’t have clear leadership out front. The notably dry Paul O’Neill pulled of a turnaround at Alcoa that was every bit as impressive as the ones at IBM and Apple. And let’s face it, it wasn’t Bill Gates’s Hollywood smile that made Microsoft the most powerful company of its time.

The truth, as General Stanley McChrystal makes clear in his new book, Leaders: Myth and Reality, is that leadership is not so much about great speeches or snappy slogans or even how gracefully someone takes the stage, but how effectively a leader manages a complex ecosystem of relationships and builds a connection with followers.

And even when we look at charismatic leaders a little more closely, we see that it is what they did off stage that made the difference. Gandhi forged alliances between Hindus and Muslims, upper castes and untouchables as well as other facets of Indian society. Mandela did something similar in South Africa. Martin Luther King Jr. was not a solitary figure, but just one of the Big Six of civil rights.

That’s why McChrystal, whom former Defense Secretary Bob Gates called, “perhaps the finest warrior and leader of men in combat I had ever met,” advises that leaders need to be “empathetic crafters of culture.” A leader’s role is not merely to plan and direct action, but to inspire and empower belief.

Myth #3: You Need To Piece Together A Coalition

While managing stakeholders is critical, all too often it devolves into a game theory exercise in which a strategically minded leader horse trades among competing interests until he or she achieves a 51% consensus. That may be enough to push a particular program through, but any success is bound to be short-lived.

The truth is that you can’t transform fundamental behaviors without transforming fundamental beliefs and to do that you need to forge shared values and a shared consciousness. It’s very hard to get people to do what you want if they don’t already want what you want. On the other hand, if everybody shares basic values and overall objectives, it’s much easier to get everybody moving in the same direction.

For example, the LGBT movement foundered for decades by trying to get society to accept their differences. However, when it changed tack and started focusing on common values, such as the right to live in committed, loving relationships and to raise happy, stable families, public opinion changed in record time. The differences just didn’t seem that important any more.

In a similar vein, when Paul O’Neill took over Alcoa in 1987, the company was struggling. So analysts were puzzled that when asked about his strategy he said that “I intend to make Alcoa the safest company in America.” Yet what O’Neill understood was that safety goes part and parcel with operational excellence. By focusing on safety, it was much easier to get the rank and file on board and, when results improved, other stakeholders got on board too.

Myth #4: You Will End With The Vision You Started With

When Nelson Mandela first joined the struggle to end Apartheid, he was a staunch African nationalist. “I was angry at the white man, not at racism,” he would later write. “While I was not prepared to hurl the white man into the sea, I would have been perfectly happy if he climbed aboard his steamships and left the continent of his own volition.”

Yet Mandela would change those views over time and today is remembered and revered as a global citizen. In fact, it was the constraints imposed by the broad-based coalition he forged that helped him to develop empathy, even for his oppressors, and led him to govern wisely once he was in power.

In much the same way, Lou Gerstner could not have predicted that his tenure as CEO at IBM would be remembered for its embrace of the Internet and open software. Yet it was his commitment to his customers that led him there and brought his company back from the brink of bankruptcy to a new era of of prosperity.

And that is probably the most important thing we need to understand change. In order to make a true impact on the world, we first need to change ourselves. Every successful journey begins not with answers, but with questions. You have to learn how to walk the earth and learn things along the way. You know you’ve failed only when you end up where you started.

— Article courtesy of the Digital Tonto blog and an earlier version appeared on Inc.com
— Image credit: Pixabay

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Building a Learn It All Culture

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Don’t Be a Know It All

Building a Learn It All Culture

by Braden Kelley

Trying to be a “know-it-all” is a flawed goal.

It is impossible to know everything.

This is by design.

This is by intention.

In much the same way that programming languages have garbage collection built in, the human brain is built to prune. The human brain is built to forget more than it remembers. Instead of trying to override our natural tendencies, we must embrace them and see instead see how they empower us to be continuous learners.

“Garbage collection is the process in which programs try to free up memory space that is no longer used by objects.” — FreeCodeCamp

Where Insights Come From by Braden Kelley

And while knowledge is important, it is perishable, it is transitory, and it is not the highest aspiration.

  1. An understanding of data allows the creation of information
  2. The consumption of information allows the creation of knowledge
  3. The exploration of knowledge allows the creation of insight
  4. The connections between insights allow the creation of wisdom

Curiosity fuels the transformation of data and information into insights and wisdom, while knowledge funnel progression is driven by a quest for efficiency.

Knowledge Funnel

Knowledge FunnelThe knowledge funnel is a useful concept learned from Roger Martin in the Design of Business. The concept highlights how any new area creating information (and hopefully knowledge) starts very much as a mystery, but as our understanding of the topic area increases, we begin to identify heuristics and make sense of it. For me, this is where we begin to move from data and information to knowledge, and then as our knowledge increases we are able to codify this knowledge into algorithms.

Importance of Curiosity to a Learn It All Culture

If you want to build a learn-it-all culture, it all starts with curiosity. Curiosity leads to inquiry, and inquiry leads to learning. The achievement of insights is the ideal outcome for learning pursuits, and insights power innovation.

I’ve been writing about the importance of curiosity and its role in innovation since 2011 or before.

“The important thing is not to stop questioning. Curiosity has its own reason for existing.” – Albert Einstein

At an event I attended in New York City in 2011, Peter Diamandis of the XPRIZE Foundation talked about how for him the link between curiosity and innovation is the following:

“What should be possible that doesn’t yet exist?”

In my article Key to Innovation Success Revealed!, on the topic of curiosity I wrote:

The reason that curiosity is the secret to innovation success is that the absence of curiosity leads to acceptance and comfort in the status quo. The absence of curiosity leads to complacency (one of the enemies of innovation) and when organizations (or societies) become complacent or comfortable, they usually get run over from behind. When organizations or societies lack curiosity, they struggle to innovate. Curiosity causes people to ask ‘Why’ questions and ‘What if’ questions. Curiosity leads to inspiration. Inspiration leads to insight. Insights lead to ideas. And in a company or society where invention, collaboration and entrepreneurship knowledge, skills, abilities and practice are encouraged, ideas lead to action.

Five Keys to Building a Learn It All Culture

Change is the one constant, and it is continuous. If it wasn’t, all of us would still be hunting animals and collecting berries. Embracing continuous change and transformation allows us to accelerate our understanding of the universe and how our organizations can serve their missions more effectively and efficiently. Continuous change requires continuous learning. To prepare our people and our organization to succeed at continuous learning we need to do these five things:

1. Develop Good Learning Hygiene

Learning is a skill. To build an organization of continuous or lifelong learners, we must first help people learn how to learn. Two of the most important learning skills that we are not taught how to do in school, but that are crucial for success at innovation and other modern pursuits are the following:

  • Deep Thinking — Few of us are good at deep thinking and as a result, deep learning. Getting people to put all of their devices away is the initial challenge. Feeling comfortable not knowing the answer and sitting at a table with nothing more than a blank piece of paper is really hard. Teaching people how to meditate beforehand can be quite helpful. The goal of course is to get people into the state of mind that allows them to think deeply and capture their idea fragments, nuggets of inquiry and micro-inspirations. This will provide the fuel for collaboration and co-creation and the next key learning skill.

  • Augmented Learning — We live during amazing times, where if we don’t know something we can Google it or ask Siri, Cortana or Alexa. All of the assistants and search engines available to us, serve to quickly augment our human knowledge, skills and abilities. Knowing how to build good search queries is an incredibly powerful life skill. Teach it.

2. Reinforce Growth Mindset Behaviors

There has been much chatter about the difference between a fixed mindset and a growth mindset. It’s not really a new concept, but instead modern packaging for the level of maturity shown by those successful professionals who are willing to say:

“I don’t know.” and “Let me find out.” and “Failure is an opportunity to learn.”

Two ways organizations can demonstrate their commitment to a growth mindset are to:

  • Celebrate Failure — Create events or other ways to share some of the most important failures of the month or quarter, and what was learned from each.
  • Fund Curiosity — If you’re hiring curious people with a growth mindset, then every employee will be curious about something. Find a way to fund their investigation and exploration of what they’re curious about – even if it is not work-related. This is a great way of demonstrating the importance of curiosity to innovation and your commitment to it.

3. Make Unlearning Socially Acceptable

We all want to be the expert, and we work hard to achieve mastery. Meaning, often we hold on too tightly as new solutions emerge. And, to adopt new ways of solving old problems, often we have to unlearn what we think we know before we can learn the new ways. Smart organizations constantly challenge what they think they know about their customers, potential partners, product-market-fit, and even where future competition might come from.

4. Flex Your Reskilling and Retraining Muscles

With the accelerating pace of change, the organizations and even the countries that invest in reskilling and retaining their employees (or citizens) are the organizations and economies that stand the best chance of continued success. As more organizations commit to being purpose-driven organizations, the costs of recruitment actually increase, making it even more important to keep the employees you attract and to reskill and retrain them as your needs change. Especially as the pace of automation also increases…

5. Create Portable Not Proprietary Knowledge

If you gave an employee ten hours to spend to either:

  • Earn a professional certification
  • Complete company-created employee training

Which do you think most employees would choose?

Sorry, but most employees view company-created trainings somewhat like the dentist. They do it because they have to.

Work with professional associations to influence certification curriculums towards the knowledge, skills and abilities you need.

Find more and better ways of encouraging mentorship.

Invest in internal internship and innovation programs that allow employees to explore the ideas and the other areas of the business they’re passionate about.

Conclusion

Transitioning from a know-it-all to a learn-it-all culture is no small feat and requires commitment and investment at a number of different levels inside the organization. I’ve highlighted the five keys to building a learn-it-all culture inside your organization, but only you can take the keys and unlock these capabilities inside your organization. Now is the time to invest in your learning transformation.

But smart countries will be thinking bigger. Smart countries will be thinking about how they can transform their educational systems to create a continuous learning mindset in their next generation, finance a move from STEM to STEAM, and commit to ongoing worker reskilling and retraining programs to support displaced workers.

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Inclusivity in UX Design

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Practical Tips

Inclusivity in UX Design

GUEST POST from Chateau G Pato

Inclusivity in UX design isn’t just a moral obligation; it’s a design imperative. Striving for inclusivity means considering the diverse range of human beings that interact with digital products. It’s about making sure that everyone, regardless of their abilities, language, or background, can have a meaningful interaction with the technology we create.

As a thought leader in human-centered change and innovation, I’m committed to sharing practical insights into how UX designers can embed inclusivity into their processes. Here are some actionable tips along with two case studies highlighting successful inclusivity efforts.

Practical Tips for Inclusivity in UX Design

1. Understand Your User Base

Begin with comprehensive user research. Go beyond demographics to delve into psychographics and cultural differences. Understand how people interact with your product, considering accessibility needs such as screen readers for the visually impaired or captions for the hearing impaired.

2. Implement Inclusive Design Principles

Inclusive design involves simultaneous consideration of user diversity through sustainable methods. Microsoft’s principles of inclusive design—Recognize Exclusion, Solve for One, Extend to Many, and Learn From Diversity—can guide you in this journey.

3. Prototype and Test with Diverse Groups

Prototype iteratively and engage a broad range of users in your testing phases. Seek feedback from people with different abilities to identify overlooked accessibility issues, ensuring your designs are inherently flexible and adaptable.

4. Leverage Technology for Accessibility

Utilize technology such as voice user interfaces, AI, and adaptive technologies that can enhance usability for diverse user groups. Features like voice search, text-to-speech, and customizable interfaces support various accessibility needs.

Case Studies

Case Study 1: Airbnb’s Inclusive Design Practice

Airbnb exemplifies inclusivity with its mission to create an open and accessible product for everyone. Their Design Language System (DLS) incorporates accessibility from the ground up. One notable practice is their Inclusive Design Workshops, where product teams learn to recognize biases and design for user-centered accessibility.

During one workshop, Airbnb discovered that their booking interface was challenging for older adults unfamiliar with progressive disclosure in UI. By redesigning the interface with more visible cues and clear instructions, they increased usability across age groups, ultimately increasing booking rates by 17%.

Case Study 2: Microsoft’s Xbox Adaptive Controller

Microsoft’s Xbox Adaptive Controller is a prime example of inclusive design in action. Designed in collaboration with organizations like The AbleGamers Charity and The Cerebral Palsy Foundation, the controller provides a customizable gaming experience for players with limited mobility.

This innovation stemmed from feedback from users with disabilities. By conducting inclusive research and design phases, Microsoft created a controller that not only empowers disabled gamers but also extends its usability to other creative and educational applications. This broadened the controller’s market potential and reinforced Microsoft’s commitment to accessibility.

Conclusion

Designing for inclusivity requires a thoughtful, user-centered approach that considers the full spectrum of human diversity. By adopting inclusive design principles and learning from successful case studies like Airbnb and Microsoft, UX designers can create products that are not only accessible but also drive innovation and market success.

As we move forward, let’s redefine our design processes to ensure everyone can fully engage in the digital experiences we create. After all, inclusivity is not just a box to tick; it’s an ongoing journey toward a shared future where everyone has a seat at the table.

Bottom line: Futurology is not fortune telling. Futurists use a scientific approach to create their deliverables, but a methodology and tools like those in FutureHacking™ can empower anyone to engage in futurology themselves.

Image credit: Unsplash

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Fun Ways to Foster Innovation with Gamification

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Fun Ways to Foster Innovation with Gamification

GUEST POST from Art Inteligencia

In today’s rapidly changing business landscape, fostering innovation is not just advantageous — it’s essential. But how can organizations kindle this spirit of innovation in a way that is engaging and sustainable? Enter gamification: the art of applying game-design elements in non-game contexts. By infusing work with fun, gamification has the power to drive motivation, encourage creativity, and ultimately, foster innovation. This article explores how two companies successfully employed gamification to boost their innovation efforts.

Case Study 1: Microsoft’s Language Quality Game

Microsoft faced a challenge that is common to global technology companies: ensuring the quality and consistency of translated content across different languages. The process of identifying and fixing errors in translations can be tedious and time-consuming. To combat this, Microsoft implemented a gamified approach known as the “Language Quality Game.”

The game involved users and employees who could earn points, badges, and visual accolades by identifying errors or suggesting improvements to translation strings. Not only did this encourage more participation, but it also created a sense of competition and engagement among users and employees. As a result, Microsoft was able to improve the accuracy of its translations while also fostering a sense of ownership and contribution among its linguistically diverse user base.

Case Study 2: SAP’s Quiz-Based Idea Competition

SAP, a leader in enterprise software solutions, faced the internal challenge of stimulating innovative ideas from its global workforce. To tackle this, SAP turned to gamification by creating a quiz-based idea competition known as “InnoJam 48.” Participants were grouped into teams and tasked with solving real-world challenges by creating innovative software solutions within 48 hours.

The incorporation of gamified elements like quizzes, real-time feedback, and virtual leaderboards infused a competitive spirit into the event and motivated employees to put forward their best ideas. This approach not only inspired creative problem-solving but also cultivated a culture of continuous innovation. The best ideas were recognized and rewarded, encouraging more employees to participate in future events.

Conclusion

Gamification has emerged as a powerful tool for driving innovation in organizations. By leveraging the intrinsic human desire for fun, competition, and achievement, companies like Microsoft and SAP have successfully harnessed the power of gamification to foster innovation. It effectively transforms mundane tasks and challenges into engaging, rewarding experiences. As businesses strive to innovate in ever-evolving markets, gamification presents itself as an enticing strategy to consider.

Bottom line: Futurology is not fortune telling. Futurists use a scientific approach to create their deliverables, but a methodology and tools like those in FutureHacking™ can empower anyone to engage in futurology themselves.

Image credit: Pixabay

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Scaling Agile in Large Organizations

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Scaling Agile in Large Organizations

GUEST POST from Chateau G Pato

In an era where the technology landscape is constantly shifting, large organizations find themselves in a dilemma. How do they remain nimble and innovative while managing complex structures and processes? The answer for many is Agile—a methodology once the preserve of small teams, now being scaled to fit the groundwork of multi-layered businesses. But scaling Agile in large organizations isn’t just about implementing new processes and tools; it’s about fostering a culture shift that emphasizes collaboration, efficiency, and customer-centricity.

The Need for Scaling Agile

Large organizations traditionally operate in silos, with distinct departments managing their own priorities. This often leads to misalignment and inefficiency. Agile methodology helps break down these silos, promoting cross-functional collaboration and aligning teams with the organization’s overall goals. The key to scaling Agile successfully is not merely in extending Agile practices organization-wide, but in tailoring them to fit unique organizational contexts while maintaining the core Agile principles.

Case Study 1: Implementing Agile at Scaled Levels – The Spotify Model

Spotify’s scaling of Agile is widely regarded as a benchmark for large organizations. Recognizing the limitations of traditional hierarchies, Spotify created a new organizational framework that supports agile at scale. They introduced ‘Squads’, which are akin to Scrum teams, emphasizing autonomy and accountability. These Squads are powered by ‘Tribes’ to maintain coherence, and ‘Chapters’ and ‘Guilds’ to foster skill development and knowledge sharing.

By focusing on cultural values and providing a structure that emphasizes trust, transparency, and strong team identity, Spotify was able to enhance its ability to innovate while scaling its business. The success of this model lies in its flexibility, allowing other organizations to adapt it to their own needs and challenges.

Case Study 2: Scaling Agile at Microsoft – The Journey to Business Agility

Microsoft’s transition to Agile was driven by the need to better respond to customer needs in a rapidly evolving market. By adopting agile practices across various product teams, Microsoft sought to improve its development processes and enhance product quality. The journey was not without challenges; initial resistance was expected and encountered.

Microsoft tackled these by investing in comprehensive Agile training programs and fostering a culture of continuous feedback and improvement. They broke down traditional silos and championed cross-functional teamwork, resulting in quicker release cycles and increased innovation.

The transformation at Microsoft underscores the importance of persistence, leadership commitment, and a well-articulated vision in scaling Agile across a large organization.

Conclusion

Scaling Agile in large organizations is more about mindset shifts than merely adopting a set of practices. It requires embracing transparency, collaboration, and a focus on delivering value to customers. The experiences of Spotify and Microsoft highlight the adaptability and benefits of Agile methods but also illustrate the necessity of context-specific strategies and strong leadership.

For large organizations looking to scale Agile, it’s crucial to drive cultural change, empower teams, and remain adaptable to continually refine the approach as new challenges and opportunities arise.

I hope you have enjoyed my attempt to provide a structured and informative perspective on how large organizations can scale Agile methodologies effectively, illustrated with case studies of Spotify and Microsoft.

SPECIAL BONUS: The very best change planners use a visual, collaborative approach to create their deliverables. A methodology and tools like those in Change Planning Toolkit™ can empower anyone to become great change planners themselves.

Image credit: Pixabay

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Principles of Inclusive Design

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Making Products for Everyone

Principles of Inclusive Design

GUEST POST from Art Inteligencia

In today’s increasingly diverse world, creating inclusive products is not just a moral imperative but also a smart business strategy. Inclusive design is about making products that are accessible and usable by as many people as possible, regardless of age, disability, gender, culture, or any other differentiating factor. By prioritizing inclusivity, businesses can reach a broader audience, foster innovation, and demonstrate social responsibility.

What is Inclusive Design?

Inclusive design is a methodology born from the realization that the needs of people are diverse, and there is no ‘average’ user. It involves considering the full range of human diversity, making products that are adaptable and flexible to accommodate a wide variety of user needs. Inclusive design seeks to remove barriers that prevent people from using a product or service effectively and with dignity.

Principles of Inclusive Design

1. Equitable Use

Design should be usable and marketable to people with diverse abilities. This principle ensures that all users are treated equally by avoiding segregation or stigmatization.

2. Flexibility in Use

The design should accommodate a wide range of individual preferences and abilities, providing different ways to use a product or service.

3. Simple and Intuitive

Regardless of the user’s experience, knowledge, language skills, or concentration level, the design should be easy to understand.

4. Perceptible Information

The product should communicate necessary information effectively to the user, regardless of ambient conditions or the user’s sensory abilities.

5. Tolerance for Error

The design should minimize hazards and adverse consequences of accidental or unintended actions.

6. Low Physical Effort

The design should be usable efficiently and comfortably with a minimum of fatigue.

7. Size and Space for Approach and Use

Appropriate size and space should be provided for approach, reach, manipulation, and use, regardless of the user’s body size, posture, or mobility.

Case Study 1: Microsoft’s Xbox Adaptive Controller

Microsoft’s Xbox Adaptive Controller is a prime example of inclusive design in action. Designed specifically for gamers with limited mobility, this innovative product features large programmable buttons and can be connected to a variety of external devices to support a wide range of physical abilities. Microsoft’s commitment to inclusivity extends beyond the product itself; they collaborated with accessibility experts and disabled gamers to ensure the controller met real needs. This inclusive approach not only opened up the world of gaming to a broader audience but also positioned Microsoft as a leader in accessibility and innovation.

Case Study 2: OXO Good Grips Kitchen Tools

OXO’s Good Grips line of kitchen tools is a staple in many households, and it all started with a simple principle of inclusive design. The founder, Sam Farber, observed that his wife, who had arthritis, struggled with conventional kitchen utensils. This insight led to the creation of kitchen tools with comfortable, non-slip grips and ergonomic designs. The tools are not only beneficial for those with arthritis but also for anyone looking for more comfortable and efficient kitchen utensils. By addressing the needs of a specific user group, OXO created products that benefit everyone, proving the power of inclusive design principles.

Why Inclusive Design Matters More Than Ever

With the global population becoming more diverse and age demographics shifting, the importance of inclusive design continues to grow. Companies that embrace inclusivity can tap into a wider market, foster loyalty, and drive innovation by thinking outside the conventional boundaries of ‘normal’ product use. Inclusive design isn’t merely a trend; it’s a fundamental shift towards a more considerate and intelligent approach to creating products and services.

Ultimately, inclusive design is about more than just accessibility—it’s about creating a world where everyone can participate fully without encountering unnecessary barriers. By following these principles and learning from successful case studies, businesses can not only enhance their marketability but also take significant strides toward social equity and inclusivity.

Bottom line: Futurology is not fortune telling. Futurists use a scientific approach to create their deliverables, but a methodology and tools like those in FutureHacking™ can empower anyone to engage in futurology themselves.

Image credit: Microsoft Copilot

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Leading Change

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Strategies for Successful Organizational Transformation

Leading Change - Strategies for Successful Organizational Transformation

GUEST POST from Art Inteligencia

Effective organizational transformation is not just about making changes; it’s about making the right changes in the right way. As a leader, your role is to guide your organization through the challenges and uncertainties that accompany transformation. This article explores key strategies for successful organizational transformation and illustrates them with two compelling case studies.

Key Strategies for Organizational Transformation

  1. Establish a Clear Vision and Communicate it Effectively

    A clear vision provides direction and purpose. Communicate this vision consistently across all levels of the organization to ensure alignment and buy-in.

  2. Engage and Empower Your Team

    Involving employees in the transformation process boosts morale and commitment. Empower them to take ownership of their roles in the change process.

  3. Measure Progress and Adapt

    Set measurable objectives and keep track of progress. Be prepared to adapt strategies based on feedback and changing circumstances.

  4. Build a Culture of Continuous Improvement

    Encourage a mindset of innovation and continuous improvement. This ensures the organization remains agile and responsive to new opportunities and challenges.

Case Study 1: Zappos – Creating a Customer-Centric Culture

Zappos, an online shoe and clothing retailer, is renowned for its exceptional customer service. Tony Hsieh, the former CEO, led a transformation that put the customer at the core of the business. Here’s how they did it:

Strategy in Action:

  • Clear Vision: Hsieh communicated the vision of delivering “WOW” through service and instilled this vision into every aspect of the business.
  • Employee Engagement: Zappos invested heavily in employee training and development, ensuring that every employee was aligned with the company’s values.
  • Continuous Improvement: The company maintained an open-feedback culture where employees could contribute ideas for enhancing customer experiences.

The result was a culture that celebrated extraordinary customer service, making Zappos a model for customer-centricity in retail and driving sustained business growth.

Case Study 2: Microsoft – From a Culture of Know-it-All to Learn-it-All

Under the leadership of CEO Satya Nadella, Microsoft underwent a cultural transformation that shifted the company from a “know-it-all” to a “learn-it-all” mentality. Here’s a look at the strategies employed:

Strategy in Action:

  • Clear Vision: Nadella emphasized a vision of empathy, collaboration, and a growth mindset. He communicated this vision through regular town halls and personal storytelling.
  • Employee Empowerment: Microsoft encouraged cross-functional collaboration and learning from failures. Employees were empowered to pursue creative solutions and explore new technologies.
  • Measuring Progress: The company set quantifiable goals related to innovation and employee engagement, regularly reviewing performance and making necessary adjustments.

This cultural shift rejuvenated Microsoft, fostering innovation and establishing the company as a leader in cloud computing, artificial intelligence, and other cutting-edge technologies.

Conclusion

Organizational transformation is a journey that requires intentionality, leadership, and persistence. By establishing a clear vision, engaging and empowering your team, measuring progress, and fostering a culture of continuous improvement, you can navigate the complexities of change and achieve sustainable success.

Remember, transformation is not a one-time event; it’s an ongoing process. The cases of Zappos and Microsoft highlight that with the right strategies, any organization can transform itself to meet future challenges and opportunities head-on.

Bottom line: Futurology is not fortune telling. Futurists use a scientific approach to create their deliverables, but a methodology and tools like those in FutureHacking™ can empower anyone to engage in futurology themselves.

Image credit: Dall-E

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Change Leadership

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An Essential Skill for Today’s Leaders

Change Leadership - An Essential Skill for Today's Leaders

GUEST POST from Art Inteligencia

In today’s rapidly evolving landscape, leaders face a unique set of challenges and opportunities. To navigate this environment successfully, change leadership has emerged as an indispensable skill. Leaders who can adeptly guide their teams and organizations through change not only ensure survival but also drive innovation and long-term growth. In this article, we’ll explore what change leadership entails, why it’s essential, and how it’s been successfully implemented through two enlightening case studies.

What is Change Leadership?

Change leadership refers to the ability to influence and inspire teams to embrace change and drive transformation. Unlike traditional change management, which focuses on processes and tools, change leadership centers on people. It’s about engaging hearts and minds, fostering a culture of adaptability, and ensuring that everyone is aligned with the vision for change.

Why is Change Leadership Essential?

There are several reasons why change leadership is more critical now than ever:

  • Accelerated Technological Advancements: The digital age has introduced rapid technological changes, requiring leaders to be agile and forward-thinking.
  • Globalization: As businesses expand globally, leaders must manage cross-cultural teams and navigate various market dynamics.
  • Regulatory Changes: Frequent regulatory updates necessitate quick adaptation and compliance.
  • Workforce Dynamics: With the rise of remote work and the gig economy, traditional management structures are evolving.
  • Customer Expectations: Modern consumers demand constant innovation, pushing organizations to be more responsive to market shifts.

Case Study 1: IBM’s Transformation Under Lou Gerstner

Background

Starting in the early 1990s, IBM faced declining revenues and a rapidly changing technology landscape. The mainframe-centric company was struggling to compete in the burgeoning personal computer and network computing markets. Lou Gerstner was appointed CEO in 1993 with the monumental task of turning the ship around.

Change Leadership in Action

Vision Setting

Gerstner began by articulating a clear vision. He envisioned IBM transforming from a hardware-centric company to a solutions-based provider. This vision broke from IBM’s traditional focus and set a new course for the company.

Engaging Stakeholders

Gerstner took steps to engage all levels of the organization. He initiated regular town hall meetings, encouraging open communication and feedback. This inclusivity helped dismantle silos and fostered a collaborative culture.

Cultural Shift

Recognizing that the existing culture was a barrier to change, Gerstner introduced a new set of values emphasizing customer solutions, teamwork, and speed. He also revamped the performance evaluation system to align with the new cultural values.

Results

IBM’s transformation under Gerstner was a resounding success. By the late 1990s, the company had repositioned itself as a leader in the IT services sector, experiencing significant revenue growth and improved market share. The shift not only saved IBM from potential obsolescence but also set the stage for future innovations.

Case Study 2: Microsoft’s Satya Nadella and the Cultural Renaissance

Background

In 2014, Satya Nadella took over as CEO of Microsoft. At the time, Microsoft was criticized for its cutthroat culture and was lagging in key areas like mobile and cloud computing. Employee morale was low, and the company needed a transformative leader.

Change Leadership in Action

Empathy-Driven Leadership

Nadella emphasized empathy and collaboration from the outset. His leadership style was a significant departure from Microsoft’s historically aggressive culture. He introduced the concept of “growth mindset” to encourage employees to embrace challenges and learn continuously.

Vision and Strategy

Nadella articulated a clear vision: to transform Microsoft into a cloud-first, mobile-first company. He made bold moves, such as acquiring LinkedIn and GitHub, to align with this vision. These strategic acquisitions positioned Microsoft as an indispensable player in the tech ecosystem.

Inclusivity and Diversity

Nadella focused heavily on inclusivity, believing a diverse workforce would foster better innovation. He implemented measures to improve diversity at all levels, creating an inclusive atmosphere where every voice could be heard.

Results

Under Nadella’s leadership, Microsoft experienced a cultural renaissance that translated into financial success. The company saw its stock price quadruple, re-established itself as an industry leader, and was lauded for its inclusive culture.

Key Takeaways for Today’s Leaders

Change leadership is not just about steering your organization through disruption but about thriving in it. From IBM’s pivot under Lou Gerstner to the cultural shift at Microsoft led by Satya Nadella, the principles of effective change leadership remain consistent:

  • Clear Vision: A compelling vision can unite and guide an organization.
  • Engage Stakeholders: Open communication and stakeholder engagement are vital.
  • Cultural Alignment: A culture aligned with your vision can propel your organization forward.
  • Inclusivity: Diverse perspectives foster innovation and resilience.

In an era of constant flux, embracing change leadership is not just advisable—it’s imperative. As demonstrated by our case studies, those who master this skill can lead their organizations to unparalleled success.

Conclusion

Change leadership is an essential competency for navigating today’s ever-changing business landscape. By understanding its core principles and learning from successful leaders, today’s executives can set their organizations on a path to sustainable growth and innovation. Through vision, engagement, cultural shifts, and inclusivity, leaders can inspire their teams to not just accept change but to thrive in it.

Bottom line: Futurology is not fortune telling. Futurists use a scientific approach to create their deliverables, but a methodology and tools like those in FutureHacking™ can empower anyone to engage in futurology themselves.

Image credit: Pixabay

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The Future of Human-Centered Design

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Emerging Trends and Predictions

The Future of Human-Centered Design

GUEST POST from Art Inteligencia

In an ever-evolving world driven by technology and innovation, human-centered design (HCD) places the end-user at the heart of the design process, ensuring that products, services, and systems are not only functional but also truly resonate with those who use them. As we gaze into the future, emerging trends and predictions offer a breathtaking vista of how HCD will transform. This article delves into these pioneering shifts, highlighting two compelling case studies that exemplify the future trajectory of HCD.

Emerging Trends in Human-Centered Design

The future of HCD is brimming with trends that promise to redefine user experiences and elevate empathy in design practices. Below are some significant trends along with their potential impact:

1. Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning Integration

Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) are revolutionizing HCD by automating user research and generating predictive analytics. Designers can utilize AI to better understand user behavior, preferences, and pain points, allowing for more personalized and adaptive experiences.

2. Augmented Reality and Virtual Reality

AR and VR technologies are expanding the possibilities within HCD by enabling immersive user testing, prototyping, and empathy-building. Designers can now create virtual environments to observe how users interact with products in a more lifelike and intuitive setting.

3. Inclusive and Accessible Design

Designing for accessibility is no longer a secondary concern. As awareness and regulations grow, inclusive design is becoming a primary focus, ensuring that products and experiences are accessible to all, regardless of ability within the physical, cognitive, and sensory spectrum.

4. Ethical Design and Data Privacy

In a data-driven era, ethical design principles that prioritize user consent, transparency, and privacy are increasingly critical. Future HCD practices will emphasize the importance of safeguarding user data and building trust.

5. Co-Creation and Participatory Design

Engaging users as active participants in the design process through co-creation strategies fosters innovative solutions that genuinely reflect user needs. This collaborative approach enhances the relevance and effectiveness of design outcomes.

6. Sustainable Design

Sustainability is becoming imperative in all design disciplines. Future HCD will integrate eco-friendly materials, energy-efficient processes, and lifecycle thinking to create sustainable systems that prioritize environmental impact and resource conservation.

Predictions for the Future

Looking forward, the impact of these trends will shape the following key areas:

1. Personalization at Scale

Predictive technologies will enable personalization on a massive scale, allowing for hyper-tailored user experiences that adapt dynamically to the user’s context, needs, and preferences.

2. Seamless Interaction Across Devices

Future HCD will yield seamless interoperability across various devices—from wearables and smartphones to IoT-enabled home appliances—creating a cohesive and fluid user journey.

3. Empathy as a Core Competency

The design industry will place even greater emphasis on empathy, with advanced simulation tools enabling designers to experience environments and challenges from the user’s perspective, fostering deeper understanding and connection.

Case Study 1: Airbnb’s Human-Centered Redesign

Airbnb exemplifies the transformative power of HCD. Facing challenges with inconsistent service quality and user experience, Airbnb employed a rigorous HCD methodology to reevaluate its platform.

Key Initiatives:

  • User Research: Conducted extensive ethnographic studies and user interviews to understand host and guest pain points.
  • Prototype Testing: Utilized VR to simulate the user journey, allowing designers to iterate quickly based on real-time feedback.
  • Inclusive Interface Design: Implemented design changes that made the platform more accessible, including screen reader compatibility and multilingual support.

Results:

  • Enhanced User Satisfaction: Significant improvements in ratings and user engagement.
  • Growth in Host Participation: Increased trust and clearer guidelines resulted in a sharp rise in host participation and lower attrition rates.

Case Study 2: Microsoft’s Inclusive Design Toolkit

Microsoft’s Inclusive Design Toolkit sets a benchmark in creating products that are not only usable by a diverse user base but can also inspire others to adopt similar practices.

Key Initiatives:

  • User Involvement: Collaborated with users with disabilities to co-create the toolkit, ensuring that the solutions were practical and impactful.
  • Empathy Building: Implemented empathy labs where engineers and designers could experience various disabilities to understand the challenges faced by these users.
  • Guidelines and Resources: Provided a comprehensive set of guidelines, templates, and tools to facilitate inclusive design thinking across projects.

Results:

  • Enhanced Product Accessibility: Significant improvements in accessibility across Microsoft products, from Office to Xbox.
  • Wider Industry Impact: Inspired other tech companies to adopt more inclusive design practices, broadening the impact beyond Microsoft’s own ecosystem.

Conclusion

The future of human-centered design is vibrant, promising deeper empathy, inclusivity, and technological integration to create transformative user experiences. By embracing these emerging trends and learning from pioneering case studies, designers can champion a more user-focused and innovative future. As we move forward, let us remember that the heart of design lies in understanding and valuing human experiences, ensuring that every solution serves a purpose and enriches lives.

Oh, what a future it is likely to be!

Bottom line: Futurology is not fortune telling. Futurists use a scientific approach to create their deliverables, but a methodology and tools like those in FutureHacking™ can empower anyone to engage in futurology themselves.

Image credit: Pixabay

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