If you pull hard on your team, what will they do? Will they rebel? Will they push back? Will they disagree? Will they debate? And after all that, will they pull with you? Will the pull for three weeks straight? Will they pull with their whole selves? How do you feel about that?
If you pull hard on your peers, what will they do? Will they engage? Will they even listen? Will they dismiss? And if they dismiss, will you persist? Will you pull harder? And when you pull harder, do they think more of you? And when you pull harder still, do they think even more of you? Do you know what they’ll do? And how do you feel about that?
If you push hard on your leadership, what will they do? Will they listen or dismiss? And if they dismiss, will you push harder? When you push like hell, do they like that or do they become uncomfortable, what will you do? Will they dislike it and they become comfortable and thankful you pushed? Whatever they feel, that’s on them. Do you believe that? If not, how do you feel about that?
When you say something heretical, does your team cheer or pelt you with fruit? Do they hang their heads or do they hope you do it again? Whatever they do, they’ve watched your behavior for several years and will influence their actions.
When you openly disagree with the company line, do your peers cringe or ask why you disagree? Do they dismiss your position or do they engage in a discussion? Do they want this from you? Do they expect this from you? Do they hope you’ll disagree when you think it’s time? Whatever they do, will you persist? And how do you feel about that?
When you object to the new strategy, does your leadership listen? Or do they un-invite you to the next strategy session? And if they do, do you show up anyway? Or do they think you’re trying to sharpen the strategy? Do they think you want the best for the company? Do they know you’re objecting because everyone else in the room is afraid to? What they think of your dissent doesn’t matter. What matters is your principled behavior over the last decade.
If there’s a fire, does your team hope you’ll run toward the flames? Or, do they know you will?
If there’s a huge problem that everyone is afraid to talk about, do your peers expect you get right to the heart of it? Or, do they hope you will? Or, do they know you will?
If it’s time to defy gravity, do they know you’re the person to call?
And how do you feel about that?
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Keeping a team motivated is the one of the most important aspects of a leader’s job. It’s also one of the most misunderstood aspects of a leader’s job. Many organizations still equate “motivating your team” with “designing the right incentives.” But more than four decades of research into self-determination theory have revealed the limits of these types of extrinsic motivators and offers a wealth of insight into intrinsic motivation and how leaders can leverage it.
But even when expanding their perspective on motivation, many leaders still suffer from the misunderstanding of a binary choice between intrinsic and extrinsic motivation. In reality, self-determination theory research suggests that motivation is better thought of as a spectrum with four points along the way: extrinsic, introjected, identified, and intrinsic.
In this article, we’ll outline these four forms of motivation and offer a glimpse at how to leverage the most overlooked form when motivating your team.
The Four Forms Of Motivation
1. Extrinsic Motivation
Extrinsic motivation refers to the external factors that drive individuals to take certain actions or adopt specific behaviors, whether it involves completing a task or achieving a personal objective. These external influences can take the form of rewards, promotions, prizes, and so on. Extrinsic motivation can work well in the short-term when the tasks being incentivized are clear and individuals know how to achieve them. However, extrinsic motivation often falls short in terms of providing genuine meaning. The impact of reward-based motivation tends to be inconsistent and frequently ineffective. In addition, when the path towards completion is unclear—extrinsic motivation tends to fall apart.
2. Introjected Motivation
Introjected motivation can be understood as an internalized form of motivation, similar to intrinsic motivation. However, it refers to a specific a sense of pressure to perform in order to receive validation or approval from significant individuals, such as bosses or influential colleagues. This type of motivation is more prevalent than commonly realized and impacts individuals in two distinct ways. First, individuals can be motivated to perform tasks to bolster their feeling of self-worth (introjected approach). Second, individuals can be motivated to perform tasks to avoid feelings of failure or diminished self-worth (introjected avoidance).
However, both forms of introjected motivation are difficult to sustain. In addition, introjected avoidance in particular can have long-term harmful effects—since it’s basically indistinguishable from emotional manipulation.
3. Identified Motivation
Identified motivation pertains to a type of motivation where individuals recognize or acknowledge the necessity of performing or completing a task, yet they have not yet taken action to fulfill this need. Identified motivation is what is felt when people may not be motivated to do a task but know that doing it is important. It is a potent form of motivation that primes individuals for action. And is especially powerful in a work context because relying on others to become motivated is generally impractical in most situations.
However, this form motivation is also quite underutilized because it requires connecting the work of an individual or team to something important enough to create a feeling of identified motivation. While most organizations have a mission or purpose statement—connecting specific tasks to that mission or purpose is often overlooked.
4. Intrinsic Motivation
Intrinsic motivation refers to internal drives that are subjective in nature, emerging from actions that align with personal values or bring pleasure in performing a task. It is experienced in the present moment when individuals engage in activities they find enjoyable or meaningful.
However, intrinsic motivation is subjective and can be challenging to manage and harness effectively, since so much depends on the specific person and what satisfies them. That is why, despite studies suggesting intrinsic rewards have a stronger motivating effect compared to extrinsic ones, there is no universally applicable method or approach.
Three Ways to Motivate Your Team
Looking at the entire spectrum of motivation, it’s pretty apparent that identified motivation is both powerful and underutilized for motivating your team. Intrinsic motivation is great, but it’s not possible all of the time. Some tasks are vital, just not enjoyable. When that is the case, identified motivation can become the motivator of choice. And there’s three specific ways to leverage identified motivation.
1. Provide Purpose
The first way to motivate your team through identified motivation is to provide purpose. Ultimately for introjected motivation to work, people have to feel the tasks they’ve been assigned are important. And the most effective way to help them feel that way is to demonstrate how they serve a bigger purpose. More specifically, connecting the team’s effort to a “prosocial purpose.” Identified motivation is most powerful when the tasks needing completion are seen as tasks that promote or protect the well-being of others (sometimes also called prosocial motivation). For leaders, this means answering the question “Who is served by the work that we do?” and then reminding the team of that answer on a regular basis.
2. Connect to Values
The second way to motivate your team through identified motivation is to connect to values. Once purpose is established, it’s important to make the shared values that undergird that purpose salient. You’re working for something specific in the world—because you share a certain set of values that dictate the change you’re working for. Those shared values can be a powerful way to leverage identified motivation when discussing seemingly unimportant tasks. Those tasks may not be enjoyable, but they’re critical to achieve the purpose and hence critical to staying aligned with shared values.
3. Add Autonomy
The third way to motivate your team through identified motivation is to add autonomy. For tasks that don’t have a specific set of instructions—and for tasks that are not intrinsically motivating—allowing people to have a say in the way they achieve the task can be a powerful way to motivate them. Autonomy is a powerful motivator not only because it allows individuals to adjust their tasks into ways they may find enjoyable, but also because it eliminates the feeling of manipulation that people may have experienced when they’ve felt introjected motivation in the past.
Motivating your team can be tricky—much of the common practice in organizations seeks to leverage less powerful, more difficult forms of motivation. But by focusing on intrinsic and identified motivation, you can give your team a renewed zeal and help them do their best work ever.
Motivating teams is a critical aspect of driving innovation within organizations. Research has shown that motivated teams are not only more productive but also more likely to generate innovative ideas and solutions. The science of motivation explores various factors that influence team members’ engagement, enthusiasm, and intrinsic drive to excel. By understanding and applying these principles, leaders can effectively energize their teams and foster a culture of innovation. Let us examine two case study examples that illuminate the power of motivation in driving innovation.
Case Study 1: Google’s 20% Time
Google, the tech giant renowned for its innovative products and services, instituted a program called “20% Time” that empowered employees to spend 20% of their work time on self-directed projects unrelated to their assigned responsibilities. This initiative gave team members autonomy and intrinsic motivation to pursue their passions and explore new ideas. As a result, several groundbreaking innovations, such as Gmail and Google News, were born during this designated time. The 20% Time program showcased that when individuals are motivated by personal interest and given the freedom to experiment, it can lead to remarkable results and spur innovation within the organization.
Key Takeaway: Allowing team members to pursue self-directed projects fosters motivation, creativity, and innovation.
Case Study 2: Netflix’s “Freedom and Responsibility” Culture
Netflix, the global streaming giant, has built a reputation for disruptive innovation and original content. Their unique “Freedom and Responsibility” culture empowers employees by decentralizing decision-making and promoting individual ownership. By avoiding strict top-down rules and encouraging freedom, Netflix effectively taps into intrinsic motivation within their teams. Individuals are motivated to take responsibility for their work, think outside the box, and take risks without fear of failure. This culture has enabled Netflix to pioneer numerous game-changing services, such as personalized recommendations and binge-watching, driving continual innovation in a highly competitive industry.
Key Takeaway: Cultivating a culture of freedom and responsibility empowers individuals to think creatively and take ownership, fueling innovation.
The above case studies illustrate the power of motivation and its impact on team innovation. Leaders seeking to energize their teams can apply several effective strategies, such as the following:
1. Foster Autonomy: Provide team members with the freedom to explore personal interests and self-directed projects, unleashing their intrinsic motivation and encouraging innovation.
2. Encourage Risk-Taking: Create a safe environment where employees feel encouraged to take calculated risks and learn from failures. This mindset promotes creativity and engages individuals in pushing boundaries.
3. Recognize and Reward Achievement: Acknowledge and celebrate team members’ accomplishments, reinforcing their motivation and inspiring them to excel further. Recognition creates a positive feedback loop that sustains motivation and innovation.
4. Align Goals with Purpose: Connect team members’ work to a broader purpose by communicating the impact of their contributions. When individuals understand the significance of their work, they are more motivated to innovate and drive positive change.
Conclusion
Motivation is a vital catalyst for driving innovation within teams and organizations. By understanding the science behind motivation and implementing effective strategies, leaders can energize their teams, foster creativity, and inspire a culture of continuous innovation. By learning from the successes of companies like Google and Netflix, organizations can create environments that empower individuals, leading to breakthrough ideas and sustained growth.
Bottom line: Futurology is not fortune telling. Futurists use a scientific approach to create their deliverables, but a methodology and tools like those in FutureHacking™ can empower anyone to engage in futurology themselves.
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In today’s rapidly evolving business environment, organizations need to be agile and innovative to stay competitive. To drive meaningful change and foster a culture of continuous improvement, organizations must empower their employees to become change agents. By engaging and motivating employees, businesses can harness their expertise, passion, and creativity to navigate challenges and seize opportunities. In this thought leadership article, we will explore two inspiring case studies that highlight the power of empowering employees as change agents.
Case Study 1: Adobe’s Kickbox Program
Adobe, a global software company, developed an innovative employee empowerment program called Kickbox. Recognizing the need to unleash entrepreneurial spirit and accelerate innovation among its workforce, Adobe introduced this program to encourage employees to pursue their ideas and passions.
Through Kickbox, employees receive a literal red box containing various resources, including a prepaid credit card, a guidebook, and other tools they need to experiment with their ideas. The employees are then encouraged to take risks, explore new concepts, and validate them by seeking feedback and support from their colleagues and mentors.
One standout success story from the Kickbox program is the creation of Project Mighty, a digital pen and ruler device that seamlessly integrates with Adobe’s software. An Adobe employee, inspired by Kickbox’s encouragement and resources, developed the concept for Project Mighty. This empowering initiative enabled employees like him to contribute their ideas and bring them to fruition, leading to the development of an innovative product that enhanced Adobe’s offerings.
The Kickbox program exemplifies the power of giving employees the freedom, resources, and support to pursue their ideas and passions. By fostering a culture of innovation and providing employees with the tools they need, organizations can empower individuals to become change agents capable of driving significant transformation.
Case Study 2: Patagonia’s Environmental Activism
Patagonia, an outdoor clothing and equipment company, demonstrates how a strong sense of purpose and employee engagement can propel an organization to become a force for positive change. Patagonia has long been dedicated to environmental activism and sustainability. Central to their ethos is the belief that employees should not only be passionate about their work but also contribute to a higher cause.
To empower employees as change agents, Patagonia implemented various initiatives. One such initiative is the “Earth Tax,” where the company donates 1% of its sales to grassroots environmental organizations. This program allows employees to actively participate in decision-making by recommending and voting on organizations to receive the donations, fostering a sense of ownership and advocacy.
Furthermore, Patagonia also offers its employees the opportunity to participate in environmental internships. Employees can take paid leave to work with environmental organizations and learn firsthand about the challenges and solutions related to sustainability. This program not only empowers employees to become environmental change agents but also enriches their personal and professional growth.
Through its commitment to environmental activism and employee engagement, Patagonia has not only built a successful business but also spearheaded changes within the industry. By empowering employees to actively contribute to a bigger purpose, organizations can create a workforce that is passionately dedicated to making a positive impact.
Conclusion
The case studies of Adobe’s Kickbox program and Patagonia’s environmental activism demonstrate the power of empowering employees as change agents. By providing the necessary resources, support, and a sense of purpose, organizations can unlock the untapped potential within their workforce. Whether through innovation initiatives like Kickbox or commitment to a higher cause like environmental activism, engaging and motivating employees fosters a culture of continuous improvement and strategic transformation.
In today’s dynamic and competitive marketplace, organizations that invest in empowering their employees as change agents gain a significant advantage. By nurturing creativity, fostering ownership, and aligning employees’ passions with organizational goals, businesses can harness the collective strength of their workforce to drive innovation and elevate their industry position. When organizations recognize the power of their employees as change agents, they can truly thrive and make a lasting impact on both their employees and the world around them.
Bottom line: Futures research is not fortune telling. Futurists use a scientific approach to create their deliverables, but a methodology and tools like those in FutureHacking™ can empower anyone to engage in futures research themselves.
Image credit: misterinnovation.com
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As a leader, nothing is more rewarding than inspiring a team to success. Creative and effective leadership can be the difference between a team that works well and one that fails. Fortunately, there are specific strategies that leaders can deploy to ignite creativity and motivation in their teams.
Communication
Great communication is the foundation of creative leadership. Leaders should strive to be transparent, consistent, and encouraging with communications. This helps to ensure that teams have a well-defined purpose, are motivated to reach their goals, and understand exactly what is expected of them. Additionally, leaders should encourage team members to express their own ideas and challenges in order to foster collaboration and innovation.
Goal-Setting
One of the most important responsibilities of a leader is to help set and communicate achievable goals for the team. Goals should be time-sensitive, realistic, and measurable, so that team members have a clear target to strive for. Additionally, leaders should recognize and celebrate accomplishments, big and small, to boost morale and foster a sense of motivation within the team.
Incentives
Incentives are a powerful way to motivate the team. Monetary rewards or recognition for a job well done can be highly motivating. Leaders can also offer incentives such as extra vacation time, flex-time, employee-development programs, or other rewards that align with the team’s culture and values.
Case Study 1 – Ryan’s Auto Body
Ryan ran a successful auto body shop. To motivate his team, he provided incentives and rewards for a job well done. He offered bonus vacation time as well as employee-development programs. Ryan also set team goals and was sure to recognize and celebrate their successes. As a result, his team was motivated and creative, resulting in increased efficiency and productivity.
Case Study 2 – Cuisine of the Future
Patrick was the head chef of a high-end catering company. He communicated clearly with his team and encouraged them to express their own ideas and challenges. He also created a goal-setting system with time-sensitive criteria for success. As a result, Patrick’s team was inspired to come up with innovative dishes and techniques that elevated the company’s reputation even further.
Conclusion
Leadership is an important part of any team’s success. By utilizing effective strategies such as properly communicating expectations, setting achievable goals, and offering incentives, leaders can inspire and motivate their teams to greatness. With the right strategy, any leader can empower their teams to reach extraordinary heights.
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I had lunch in 2009 with the recently-retired president of a multi-billion dollar company and had a great conversation about innovation, leadership, and culture. The insights are still relevant and he enjoys his private life so I won’t be naming any names, but I will share some of the key insights and advice for innovators that came out of the conversation.
Don’t be afraid to pay people well. When people aren’t busy worrying about money, they can focus on how to get more money into the business instead of trying to figure out how to get more money out of the business for themselves. Removing money from the equation also increases the chances that employees will bring their best ideas to the business instead of leaving to create a startup based on them.
If you are an innovator and want to develop your idea within the company you are working for (whether it is an incremental innovation or a radical innovation), try to take it to someone who can say yes. There are far too many people in organizations that are trained to say no, and far too few who are equipped to say yes. Unfortunately, most organizations reinforce the importance of saying no, without empowering enough managers to say yes.
Run as flat an organization as possible is crucial to innovation. Flatter organizations have fewer people in the middle to say no, and flatter organizations require managers to push more decisions to the edges of the organization. Pushing decisions to the edge of an organization tends to result in better decisions. The farther removed you are from all of the factors in decisions, the less successful you will be in making them correctly.
Echoing former Halliburton CEO John Gibson’s thoughts – people brought in to help re-make the organization will ultimately be defeated by the processes and culture of the organization. Organizational change must occur from within and will generally occur quite slowly.
Big ideas should be separated from the main organization into a new organization funded by the board of directors and reporting directly to them. They should also be staffed with employees from outside the main organization as well (except maybe Finance to enable consistent reporting). When you try and keep these potential radical innovations within the main organization, inevitably conflicts of interest will emerge between funding the idea and funding other transitory short-term leadership priorities.
Upper management doesn’t generally know the best ways to effectively improve individual components of the organization. One approach to maximizing incremental innovation and improvement possibilities is to give the employees (not management) of a factory, a business unit, etc. a pile of money to use to improve the organization. You will be surprised how quickly employees can self-organize to determine the best uses for the money, how good they will be in selecting the best improvements to fund, and how fast stories about such an effort will spread to other parts of the organization.
When people have an idea, they often just jump in and start developing the idea (even those ideas that others have had before), often reinventing the wheel and repeating many of the mistakes of those who have gone before them. To reduce waste and to accelerate success, consider having people submit a short research paper on the area of innovation they plan to pursue (to show that they have researched those that have gone before them). At the same time, somehow we have to find a better way of capturing the learnings from failed efforts for those undertaking new projects to learn from.
Finally, President X expressed that he would encourage anyone about to rise to the top job to take a break before assuming the top job to refresh, reflect, and to bring renewed energy and insights into the job. Whether or not you are in the top job or several levels down, I think there are some interesting insights to ponder here.
What do you think?
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I had lunch in 2009 with the recently-retired president of a multi-billion dollar company and had a great conversation about innovation, leadership, and culture. The insights are still relevant and he enjoys his private life so I won’t be naming any names, but I will share some of the key insights and advice for innovators that came out of the conversation.